Introduction

SECTION 1

BASIC KMD 250 OPERATION

INTRODUCTION

All of us at Honeywell congratulate you on choosing this product. You are now the owner of one of the most sophisticated yet simple-to-use multifunction displays available today. We understand you probably can???t wait to see it in action but before you try to use it do please take the time to read through this manual and understand its many interesting and useful features. Time spent in familiarizing yourself with your new KMD 250 unit will be more than repaid by trouble-free operation later, and more importantly safe and accurate navigation.

We have made the operation of this unit as intuitive as possible through the use of Softkeys, menus, and on-screen help, thus reducing pilots??? dependence on the manual. You should very quickly find that handling it efficiently and expertly becomes second nature to you. Don???t be afraid to experiment.

We thank you for your decision to purchase a KMD 250 and wish you many happy and safe hours flying.

The KMD 250 MFD is a panel mounted Multi-Function Display system that is available with an optional internal VFR GPS navigator. The KMD 250 is a component of the Bendix/King Integrated Hazard Avoidance System (IHAS) family of products that are designed to improve the pilot's ability to manage four major safety hazards: situational awareness (moving maps), weather, traffic, and terrain avoidance.

The KMD 250 features a 3.8 inch diagonal color LCD display. It includes a high capacity data card for storing Jeppesen aviation data as well as cartographic map data including terrain elevation, roads, lakes, rivers, railroads, obstacles, political boundaries, cities, and urban areas. The card is updated on a 28 day cycle. Application software is also included on this card.

The KMD 250 is available in two versions. One version has an internal GPS and the other requires GPS information from an external source, such as the KLN 94. The internal GPS is certified only for VFR opera- tions. The functions of both versions will be discussed in this pilot???s guide. Functions that are related to the use of the optional internal GPS are marked with this symbol.

1 Section

Operation Basic

General Information

GENERAL INFORMATION

This portion of the manual provides an overview of the user interface controls and display presentation of the KMD 250 Multifunction Display.

This manual also provides an explanation of each of the individual dis- plays that the KMD 250 unit presents.

The operating system of the Bendix/King KMD 250 keeps to a minimum the number of key presses necessary to activate the various functions, especially those most frequently used in the air. The provision of a joy- stick makes it considerably easier to operate the unit and allows for fast and efficient access to most functions.

1 Section

Operation Basic

3

2

1

1.On/Off/Brightness Control

2.Function Select Keys

3.Display

4.Softkeys

5.Data Card

6.Menu Key

7.Range Up Key

8.Range Down Key

9.Direct-To Key NRST (Nearest) Key

10.Joystick

11.Rotary Knob

12.Softkey Labels

Rev 4 Aug/2007

45

10

11

Basic Operation

Section 1

General Information

FUNCTION SELECT KEYS

These keys are used to select available data sources (as indicated on the key) for display on the LCD. Pressing the same Function Select Key multiple times will sequence through the available pages associated with that function. The following diagram shows the available pages under each function. Note that not all pages will be available in all installations.

General Information

capability of displaying operations that are only applicable to a particular screen is referred to as ???Soft Keying???, and allows one key to perform mul- tiple functions without the complications of multiple key presses on a conventional keypad.

JOYSTICK

This is a pointing device which moves a mouse-like pointer around the display. It is primarily used for pointing at items on the map for further information and for measuring range and bearing to specific points. It is also used to move through menu lists.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

General Information

Icon background will be gray because that function will not be displayed at that range setting.

If a Status Icon has a light blue (cyan) background the function is cur- rently being displayed. This does not necessarily mean that data is vis- ible because there may be nothing to view.

For example, if traffic icons are set to display at 30nm on the Map Setup Overlays Group Page and the VFR Map range is increased to beyond 30nm, then traffic will no longer be overlayed on the VFR Map display and the traffic Status Icon background will change from light blue to gray.

The following table illustrates the Function Status Icons and their mean- ings in more detail.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

STARTUP DISPLAYS

At power-up, the startup logo displays will be seen.

If Stormscope?? is installed with the system, a display similar to the one at the right will be seen.

After the completion of the Self Test, press the OK Softkey.

One of the following Instrument Panel Self Test Pages will be displayed depending on whether the unit is equipped with an internal GPS or is the non-GPS version.

General Information

Verify that the Message and Waypoint Alert annunciator lamps are on. These annunciators are external to the KMD 250, mounted elsewhere on the instrument panel as shown

here represented as MSG and

WPT. However, they are optional and may not be installed. Verify the GPS ALTITUDE (BARO ALTI-

TUDE will be displayed if the Typical External Annunciator Unit system is configured to use a baro-

metric altitude source) is consistent with the altimeter. If the KMD 250 is configured to use the optional internal GPS as ???sole source??? or ???backup??? verify the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) is showing half scale right deflection with a FROM indication. If all is correct after verification, press the OK Softkey.

One of the following caution screens will now be displayed depending on whether the unit is the non-GPS version or the unit is equipped with the internal GPS . Acknowledge by pressing the OK Softkey.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

General Information

POP-UP HELP DISPLAYS

Weather Display Pop-Up Help

POWER DOWN

When power is turned off a display similar to that shown here will be seen. The system will shut down in 5 seconds. This allows for inad- vertently turning off the system. Push the ON/OFF/Brightness Control back in before the count- down is over and the system will continue where it left off with no loss of data.

DATA FIELDS

Power Down Display

Basic Operation

Section 1

General Information

The Near Position (NEAR POS) display is intended to provide an easy method of reporting aircraft position to Air Traffic Control. This is done by always displaying the nearest reporting position to the aircraft???s pre- sent position in the Data Field. The position criteria can be set to display the nearest VORs, VORs plus airports or all data (airports, VORs, VOR/DME, VORTAC, NDB, VRP). Settings are made on the Navigation Setup Page discussed later in this section.

Pressing the RESTORE DEFAULT Softkey will reset the Data Fields back to the factory settings.

General Information

COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR (CDI)

A Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) graphically displays left and right deviation from a desired course. A CDI can be displayed in any of the Data Fields as shown in Figure 1- 4. The CDI???s vertical bar operates like a navigation deviation needle on a conventional CDI or HSI using VOR/Localizer navigation. An on-course indication is dis- played when the vertical deviation

the CDI is not usable for navigation as seen in Figure 1-7.

Figure 1-6

Figure 1-7

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

General Information

GREAT CIRCLE COURSES AND MAGNETIC VARIATION

Due to ???great circle??? courses and magnetic variation differences between present position and the active waypoint, the To bearing and From radial may not be exactly 180?? different from each other. This condition is most likely to occur when long distances are involved, and/or you are operating in very northerly or southerly latitudes.

General Information

The MSA provides ???reference point??? clearance within these one degree latitude by one degree longitude sectors. Jeppesen defines a reference point as ???a natural (Peak, Knoll, Hill, etc.) or man-made (Tower, Stack, Tank, Building, etc.) object???. Jeppesen states the following about the Grid Minimum Off-Route altitude: ???Grid MORA values clear all reference points by 1000 feet in areas where the highest reference points are 5000 feet MSL or lower. MORA values clear all reference points by 2000 feet in areas where the highest reference points are 5001 feet MSL or higher???. The KMD 250 displays dashes for areas outside the database coverage area or for areas where the Grid MORA is not defined.

The Enroute Safe Altitude (ESA) is the highest MSA sector altitude from the present position to the active waypoint, then to the destination way- point along the active flight plan. See Figure 1-9. When the KMD 250 is in the OBS Course Mode, the minimum en route safe altitude is the highest MSA sector altitude from the present position to the active way- point.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

For an overview on how the Global Positioning System works, refer to Appendix C, GPS Primer.

Such parameters as present posi- tion, altitude, date, time, satellite state, DOP, satellites tracked, signal strength and elevation for the internal GPS can be monitored on the Internal GPS Status Page. To access this page perform the following:

1.Press the MENU Key to dis- play Figure 1-10.

2.Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-11.

3.Using the Rotary Knob or the Joystick to select Internal GPS Status as shown in Figure 1-11.

4.Press the SELECT Softkey to display Figure 1-12.

5.Press the RCVR INFO Softkey to view information such as the GPS receiver software part number, software version, soft- ware revision and serial number as shown in Figure 1-13.

Figure 1-10

Figure 1-11

Map Operation

MAP OPERATION

The following illustration describes the data that appears on the Map Display.

1 Section

Operation Basic

2

6

7

Basic Operation

Section 1

Map Operation

SELECTING A MAP DISPLAY

Press the MAP Function Select Key to sequence through the VFR Map, IFR Map and Relative Terrain Map Display. With the IFR Map displayed, no topographic data is displayed. With the Relative Terrain Map dis- played, topographic data is displayed as colors corresponding to eleva- tion relative to the aircraft???s present altitude. See Tables 1-1 and 1-2 on Absolute and Relative Altitudes.

Table 1-1 Absolute Terrain (VFR Map)

1 Section

Operation Basic

IFR MAP

Terrain is not displayed on the IFR Map display as shown in Figure 1-16. In addition, all built up or urban areas are shaded light gray. Oceans, rivers and lakes are blue.

RELATIVE TERRAIN MAP

With Relative Terrain Map dis- played, topographic data and obstructions are displayed as colors corresponding to eleva- tion relative to the aircraft???s present altitude as shown in Figure 1-17. This feature is useful in providing awareness to possible terrain hazards at the present aircraft altitude. Table 1-2 shows the levels and terrain shading used on the Relative Terrain Map.

Figure 1-16 - IFR Map

Figure 1-17 - Relative Terrain Map

Map Operation

Terrain display to provide situational awareness by displaying a 1/2 nm ring around the obstacle. For example, the obstacles displayed with a red ring, as shown in Figure 1-20, are easily identifiable and are within 250 ft. of the present aircraft altitude.

NOTE: The color scale for obstacles is more severe than terrain so that they stand out on the map.

CAUTION

NEVER USE THE TOPOGRAPHIC ELEVATION DISPLAYED ON

THIS EQUIPMENT AS YOUR SOLE REFERENCE FOR TERRAIN

AVOIDANCE.

The KMD 250 must be receiving altitude information from an altitude source for the Relative Terrain Map to function. Altitude sources may be GPS altitude, pressure altitude (ARINC 429 or Gillham) or baro-cor- rected altitude. The altitude

source options are determined at installation. If no altitude information is received a cau- tion will be displayed as in Figure 1-21.

NOTE: If a baro-corrected or pressure altitude source is used, the Relative Terrain Map may not display colors accu- rately in operations above 18,000 feet when the altimeter setting is 29.92 in. Hg.

Baro Correction

If the altitude information source is Gillham pressure alti- tude, then a baro correction must be entered manually. If the baro correction is not kept current the Relative Terrain Map will not display the proper color coding for the aircraft???s actual altitude.

When on the Relative Terrain

Map the KMD 250 will prompt for an entry every 30 minutes as shown in Figure 1-22. Turn the Rotary Knob to enter the desired barometric set- ting. After the desired setting is entered, press the OK Softkey.

NOTE: The manual baro correction entry must be kept current on both the KMD 250 and the altimeter for the Relative Terrain Map to function properly.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Map Operation

The baro correction may also be entered through the AUX MENU as follows:

1.Press the MENU Key to display the Menu Softkeys as in Figure 1-23.

2.Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-24. Use the Joystick to select Baro Entry as shown.

3. Press the SELECT Softkey and Figure 1-25 will be displayed.

4. Turn the Rotary Knob to select the desired entry.

5. Press the OK Softkey.

OBSTACLE LABELS

Figure 1-23

Obstacles are labeled with two numbers. The first number is the height of the obstacle in FEET ABOVE MSL. The second number (in brackets) is the height of the obstacle in

FEET AGL.

Figure 1-24

Figure 1-25

Map Operation

USING THE MAP

After power-up, the map will initially be displayed at a range setting of 20nm.

If there is no valid GPS or FMS position fix data available, the words

CAUTION, No position data will be shown across the center of the display in a box as seen in Figure 1-

26. If the fix is lost at any time during normal operation of the unit, the same CAUTION, No position data box will be overlayed on the map.

CAUTION: Do not use the map for navigation while this notification is displayed.

The map will be shown in either North Up, Track Up or Heading Up orientation depending upon the setting selected in the Map Setup and is reflected by the North Pointer in the upper left of the display.

The displayed data is updated every second. Press the RNG (range up) or RNG ??? (range down) key at any time to zoom the map in and out to whichever one of the twelve pre-set scales desired. The available range settings are 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 nm. The levels of detail appearing at each zoom level can be changed in the Map Setup menu. See Map Setup.

When active, Auto Zoom automatically adjusts the range setting up or down as needed to keep the flight plan active waypoint within the view- able area of the Map display.

Auto Zoom is enabled in either of the following ways:

1.Pressing RNG ??? past the minimum setting of 1 nm.

2.Pressing and holding either RNG Key for 2 seconds or more. While Auto Zoom is enabled, AUTO is displayed in light blue text above the current range setting (see Figure 1- 27).

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Map Operation

MAP DATA

INTERROGATION

As soon as the joystick is moved, a display similar to Figure 1-28 will be displayed. The map freezes in its present position with respect to the joystick pointer (inset). The reason the map is made to stop moving is that this makes accurate positioning of the joy- stick pointer much easier. The aircraft icon will still be displayed in the proper loca- tion and will move in relation to the stationary map.

The latitude and longitude of the pointer position is dis- played at the bottom of the display. The bearing (PBRG) and distance (PDIS) are also displayed. These show the distance and bearing from the aircraft present position to the joystick pointer. This function can be used to measure dis- tance and bearing to any point on the map. The window formed by the extremities of the display can be moved (panned) around the map by "bumping" the display borders left, right, up or down with the pointer. The RNG and RNG ??? keys can still be used to zoom the map in and out. Press RESET STICK and the

joystick pointer will vanish, the display will return to the moving map, and the map will be placed back in its present position at the zoom level that was selected prior to activating the joystick. If the joystick is not moved for 30 seconds, the display will time-out back to the moving map.

In addition to finding it useful for measuring distances and bearings, the joystick can be used for other tasks. By placing the pointer over any data icon a window will pop up similar to that shown in Figure 1- 29. Pressing the MORE INFO Softkey, a display similar to Figure 1-30 will appear.

Map Operation

Press the CLEAR Softkey to return to the map display.

If the FIS INFO Softkey is pressed, the textual METAR page will be displayed for the closest reporting station to the current selection.

AIRPORT INFORMATION

As shown in Figure 1-31, you can display airport information by placing the joystick pointer over an airport icon. Pressing the MORE INFO Softkey will display more detailed runway information as shown in Figure 1-32. The RNG Keys can be used to zoom in or out on the airport diagram. The information given here is derived from the database. The airport type is shown to the right of the airport identifier (KOSH). The airport type is either MILITARY, PRIVATE or blank for others (public). The airport elevation (808ft) is shown to the right of the air- port type. Runway orientation and lengths are displayed to the right of the airport dia- gram. Runway surfaces are shown as an H for hard and an S for soft. Lighting is shown as an L for lit and a U for unlit.

Pressing the NEXT Softkey will display more details like radio frequencies and ser- vices, similar to Figure 1-33. In the window with the airport identifier, airport airspace information and approach types will be shown. The next window to the right shows the difference between UTC and local standard and daylight

times. The next window will display the available fuel types at this air- port. See Figure 1-35 for details regarding these fields.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Map Operation

If the FIS INFO Softkey is pressed, the textual METAR page will be dis- played with the current METAR report (if available) for this airport or the nearest report to the airport.

Pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will tune the appro- priate KX 155A/165A Nav/Comm to the selected frequency. Use the Joystick or Rotary Knob to place the cursor over the desired fre- quency in the list. If the system contains only one KX 155A/165A, simply pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will tune the Nav/Comm to the selected frequency. If multiple

KX 155A/165A systems are contained in the installation, pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will display the Nav or Comm selection display as shown in Figure 1-34. Use the Joystick or Rotary Knob to select the desired Nav or Comm for tuning. Press the OK Softkey to tune the radio.

3Non GPS Approach Availability - The following may be displayed in this field:

NO APR No approaches are available

NP APR Non-precision approach available MLS MLS approach available

ILS ILS approach available

ILS/MLS ILS and MLS approaches available

4 GPS Approach Availability - If an approved non-precision GPS approach is available GPS will be displayed.

5 Comm Frequency List - Lists the available communications frequencies for the airport being displayed. See Appendix A for abbreviations.

6 Fuel Availability - The following fuel types may be displayed: 80 80 to 87 octane

100 100 to 130 octane 100LL 100 octane, low lead JET Jet fuel, any type

AUTO Automotive fuel (also known as MOGAS)

7Time Zone - Displays the difference between local standard time and UTC for the selected airport. The difference in local daylight time and UTC is in

parenthesis.

8Radar Indicator - If (R) is displayed, this indicates an approach/departure radar environment.

Figure 1-35 Airport Info Field Definitions

NAVAID INFORMATION

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Map Operation

type, frequency and ident as shown in Figure 1-37.

As discussed previously in Airport Information, pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will tune the appropriate KX 155A/165A Nav/Comm to the navaid frequency. If the system contains only one KX 155A/165A, simply pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will tune the Nav radio. If multiple KX 155A/165A systems are contained in the installation, pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will display the Nav selection display as shown in Figure 1-38. Use the Joystick or Rotary Knob to select the desired Nav or Comm for tuning. Press the OK Softkey to tune the radio.

Map Operation

The information shown on this display is all the information from the internal database that is relevant to the airspace selected. If some of the fields are blank or say SEE CHART, this means that Jeppesen data is not available for that partic- ular item.

As discussed previously, pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will tune the appro- priate KX 155A/165A Nav/Comm to the selected fre- quency. Use the Joystick or Rotary Knob to place the cursor over the desired fre- quency in the list. If the system contains only one KX 155A/165A, simply pressing the QUICK TUNE Softkey will tune the Comm to the selected frequency. If multiple KX 155A/165A systems are contained in the installation, pressing the QUICK TUNE

Softkey will display the Comm selection display as shown in Figure 1- 35. Use the Joystick or Rotary Knob to select the desired Comm for tuning. Press the OK Softkey to tune the radio.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Map Operation

NOTE: If there is no altitude input to the KMD 250, all altitudes will be regarded as being within the boundary of the SUA area.

The message prompt for a special use airspace alert will occur when the aircraft???s position is at a point such that a projection of the aircraft???s existing track over the ground is approximately 10 minutes from pene- trating the outer boundary of one of these areas. It will also occur if the aircraft is within approxi-

mately two nautical miles of

one of these areas even if the aircraft???s projected track over the ground won???t actu- ally penetrate the SUA area

(see Figure 1-42). If one of the SUA areas is penetrated,

another message will state:

Inside SUA.

If the SUA alert feature has been enabled, the KMD 250 allows selection of a vertical buffer on the in order to provide an additional layer of protec- tion from inadvertently entering an SUA. The vertical buffer serves to ???stretch??? the SUA area in both directions (up and down) by the selected buffer altitude. For example, a buffer of 1,000 feet is selected and the actual SUA area exists from 5,000 feet MSL to 12,000 feet MSL. In this case SUA alert messages are displayed if the aircraft enters the lateral boundary at any altitude between 4,000 and 13,000 feet MSL.

CAUTION

It is the pilot???s responsibility to avoid special use airspace where ATC clearance to penetrate is required but has not been obtained. The airspace alert is only a tool to assist the pilot and should never be relied upon as the sole means of avoiding these areas.

When SUA Alerting is enabled, an Airspace Alert message will be provided when the aircraft is approximately 10 minutes or 2 miles (depending on ground speed) from entering the air- space boundary. When an Airspace Alert message is given, MESSAGE PRESS MENU will flash at the bottom of the display as shown in Figure 1-43.

Pressing the MENU Key will display the message as shown in Figure 1-44. Press the OK Softkey to exit the message.

To enable or disable SUA Alerting perform the following:

1.Press the MENU Key. Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-45.

2.Use the Rotary Knob or the Joystick to place the cursor over Navigation Setup as shown in Figure 1-45.

Figure 1-43

Figure 1-44

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

3.Press the SELECT Softkey to display Figure 1-46.

4.Press the NEXT Softkey to display Figure 1-47.

5.Use the Joystick to place the cursor in the selection field for SUA Alerting.

6.Use the Rotary Knob to select On or Off.

7.When On is selected the

SUA Alerting Buffer will be editable. Use the Joystick to place the cursor over this field (see Figure 1-48) and use the Rotary Knob to select the desired altitude. An Airspace Alert message will be given when the aircraft enters within this selected buffer altitude from the published SUA alti- tude boundary. For example: if the published upper SUA boundary is 3,000 feet and a buffer altitude of 1,000 feet is selected, the Airspace Alert will be issued when the aircraft descends to 4,000 feet and is within the lateral SUA bound- aries.

Figure 1-46

Figure 1-47

Map Operation

DISPLAY FLIGHT PLAN

DATA ON MAP

If a host GPS is outputting data in the Bendix/King equivalent ARNAV R-30 (RS232) data sentence format, in LEG mode, the active flight plan will be sent to the KMD 250 and is dis- played as an overlay on the map as shown in Figure 1-49.

If a KLN 94 is supplying the GPS data, and the KLN 94 is configured to produce the ???Enhanced RS-232 GPS bus???, the KMD 250 will display the curved paths including DME arcs, Procedure Turns and Holding Patterns. Figure 1-50 shows an example.

If another type of GPS is used, then during the curved flight segments of approaches (i.e. DME arcs, procedural turns and holds) most GPS units

stop outputting flight plan data but continue to output positional data. During a DME arc or procedural turn, the KMD 250 will continue to show position, track and ground speed but the curved line depicting the arc or turn will not be displayed. In OBS mode, some GPS units will not be able to provide flight plan data. Present position is still provided and flight plans will be displayed as soon as the mode is returned to LEG.

CAUTION

In the case of DME arcs, turns and holds, some GPS units send the flight plan information as if there was no arc or curved flight path. Therefore the KMD 250 has no option but to connect the beginning and end waypoints of the arc or curve with a straight line. Under these circumstances the line on the KMD 250 MUST BE IGNORED.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

TEMPORARILY DECLUT-

TERING THE MAP

Sometimes it is necessary to temporarily reduce the amount of data displayed on the map in order to make it more readable. This is known as decluttering. Perform the following steps until the desired level declut- tering is achieved.

1.Press the MENU Key to display the DECLUTTER Softkey as shown in Figure 1-

2.Press the DECLUTTER

Softkey. On the first press the land data will be removed from the display as seen in Figure 1-

52.Notice roads, railways, city icons, etc. are no longer dis- played. Note also that a -L is now shown in the bottom left of the screen indicating the dis- play is minus land data.

3.Press the DECLUTTER

Softkey again. On the second press the aeronautical data will be removed from the display as seen in Figure 1-53. Notice airports, airspace boundaries, etc. are no longer displayed. Note also that a -A is now added in the bottom left of the screen indicating the display is also minus aeronautical data in addition to land data.

Figure 1-51

Figure 1-52

Figure 1-53

Map Operation

4.Press the DECLUTTER

Softkey again. The third press will now restore the land data as seen in Figure 1-54. Note that the -L is no longer shown in the bottom left of the screen indicating land data is now being displayed.

5.Press the DECLUTTER

Softkey again. The fourth press will now restore the

When leaving the Map display to view another function, all data will be restored.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

3.To change to one of the other Find parameters, press the NEAREST TYPE Softkey to display the SELECT NEAREST TYPE window as shown in Figure 1-57.

4.Use the Joystick or Rotary Knob to place the cursor over the desired Find type.

5.Press the OK Softkey.

6.If Airports is selected as the type (as in Figure 1-57), pressing the AIRPORT FILTER Softkey (Figure 1-58) will display the AIRPORT FILTER CRITERIA Window as shown in Figure 1-59.

7.The listed airports can be filtered by runway length and runway type. Use the Joystick to place the cursor over the desired field and use the Rotary Knob select the the desired value. When finished press the OK Softkey.

Figure 1-57

Figure 1-58

FIND NEAREST (UNITS

WITH INTERNAL GPS)

As discussed previously, Find Nearest allows the user to find the airport, VOR, NDB, inter- section or user entered way- point closest to the aircraft???s present position. Up to 20 of the find criteria may be listed and must be within 200nm of the aircraft???s position. The closest will be listed first, the furthest listed last.

1. Press the Direct-To (D) Key to display the DIRECT TO window. If the KMD 250 is not presently navigating using the internal GPS, but is displaying information coming from an external GPS source, Figure 1- 60 will be displayed. This is a prompt to indicate the Direct-To function is not available when using an external GPS source. However, this will not affect the Find Nearest feature. Press the OK Softkey to display the

FIND NEAREST display. The Find Nearest feature is now used as discussed previously.

If the KMD 250 is presently navigating using the internal GPS, Figure 1-

60 will not be displayed and Figure 1-61 will be shown

immediately upon pressing the Direct-To Key.

Figure 1-60

Figure 1-61

Figure 1-62

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

WAYPOINT ALERT

The Waypoint Alert will flash the next desired track (NEXT DTK) when the estimated time to the next waypoint is about 15 seconds as shown in Figure 1-63. Turning to establish the NEXT DTK will aid in inter- cepting the next leg of the flight plan.

Figure 1-63

If the waypoint is being dis-

played in a Data Field the WPT field will flash annunciating the Waypoint Alert.

When viewing the Flight Plan Page the arrow indicating the current leg will flash to annunciate the Waypoint Alert.

If an external Waypoint Alert annunciator is installed in the aircraft, it will also flash.

TURN ANTICIPATION

When Turn Anticipation is enabled in Navigation Setup, it will provide turn guidance to a new course for intercepting the next leg of the flight plan.

Waypoint Alerting will begin when the estimated time to the start of the turn is about 20 seconds. As previously dis- cussed, the Waypoint Alert will be annunciated by flashing the next desired track (NEXT DTK) window as in Figure 1- 64. When the computed turn point is reached TURN TO will displayed as shown in Figure 1-65. The required bank angle to follow the arc will normally be between 3?? and 25?? depending on aircraft speed and the amount of course change.

Figure 1-64

Figure 1-65

KMD 250 Pilot's Guide

Map Operations

Turn Anticipation will be inhibited if the angle between the legs is less than 5?? or greater than 175?? or the Crosstrack Error (XTK) is greater than 4 nm.

To utilize the Turn Anticipation feature, start the turn transition to the next leg in the flight plan at the very beginning of the computed turn point. Upon reaching this computed turn point the Waypoint Alert annunciator will stop flashing and remain on steadily while the text ???TURN TO??? is dis- played as shown in Figure 1-65.

If an autopilot is engaged, this is the time to change the selected course on the CDI or HSI to that indicated next to TURN TO. In the case of Figure 1-65 that would be 288?? magnetic.

1 Section

Operation Basic

User Waypoints

USER WAYPOINTS

User waypoints can be entered as either user defined waypoints or as airports. The KMD 250 allows for the programming of up to 1,000 user waypoints. User waypoints are stored on the KMD 250 data card and can be transferred to a new data card when installed.

These waypoints can be used for flight plans if the KMD 250 contains the optional internal GPS, but only if the internal GPS is currently being used for navigation. Flight plans running on an external GPS cannot utilize waypoints stored in the KMD 250.

KMD 250 systems that do not have the internal GPS also allow user waypoints to entered, but can only be used for marking points on the map for such things as points of interest, landing locations not contained in the database, etc.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

User Waypoints

Softkey to display the USER WAYPOINT LIST display as shown in Figure 1-68. Initially, the list will be empty. As way- points are entered the list will be populated.

Figure 1-67

Figure 1-68

3. Press the NEW WPT Softkey to display the USER WAYPOINT EDIT display as shown in Figure 1-69.

The system default waypoint identifier will be a naming con- vention as shown in the IDENT field. The default identifier will increment starting with USR000. The user can also enter any identifier desired, but limited to any combination of six alphanumeric characters. If the default identifier is accept- able, proceed to step 5.

4.To enter a waypoint identi- fier other than the system default, turn the Rotary Knob one increment and the first character will be highlighted as in Figure 1-70. If the desired identifier is less than six char- acters, press the CLEAR IDENT Softkey to clear the IDENT field. Otherwise, turn the Rotary Knob to enter the desired first character. Use the Joystick to go to the next field and again use the Rotary Knob to enter the next desired char- acter and so on until complete.

5.The current date and time default to the two fields under the waypoint identifier. Remarks regarding the way- point can be entered in these fields in place of the date and time.

Figure 1-69

Figure 1-70

Figure 1-71

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

User Waypoints

6.Turn the Rotary Knob one increment to highlight the first character on the line as in Figure 1-72.

7.Press the CLEAR TEXT

Softkey to clear the field as shown in Figure 1-73.

8.Turn the Rotary Knob to enter the desired alphanumeric or punctuation character.

11. The default waypoint POSITION is the aircraft posi- tion at the time the USER WAYPOINT EDIT display was selected. The latitude and longitude of the waypoint is displayed. As the aircraft con- tinues moving, the Present

Position is indicating the current bearing and distance to the waypoint position. Note that these are changing as the aircraft moves.

12. A waypoint can be entered for any position. This can be done in two ways. One way is by entering the desired latitude and longitude of the waypoint. This is done by using the Joystick to place cursor over the latitude/longitude field as shown in Figure 1-74. Turn the Rotary Knob one increment to place the cursor on the first character. Continue turning the Rotary Knob to enter an N or S. Use the Joystick to move

the cursor to the next field. Again, use the Rotary Knob to enter the desired number. Repeat using the Joystick and the Rotary Knob until the desired latitude/longitude is entered.

13.The second way to enter the position of a waypoint is by entering the bearing and dis- tance from a known position, such as an airport or navaid. This is done by first using the Joystick to place the cursor over Present Position as shown in Figure 1-75. Turn the Rotary Knob one increment to display the WAYPOINT ENTRY window as shown in Figure 1-76.

14.Use a combination of the Joystick and Rotary Knob as previously discussed to enter the desired identifier of the air- port or navaid as shown in Figure 1-77. Note the bearing and distance.

Figure 1-75

Figure 1-76

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

User Waypoints

15.Press the OK Softkey and the selected identifier will be entered into the PLACE field as shown in Figure 1-78.

16.Use the Joystick to place the cursor over the BEARING field as in Figure 1-79.

17.Use the Rotary Knob to enter the waypoint bearing noted from the WAYPOINT

ENTRY Page.

18.In the same way as entering the bearing, use the Joystick to place the cursor over the DISTANCE field.

19.Use the Rotary Knob to enter the waypoint distance noted from the WAYPOINT ENTRY Page. Note that the KMD 250 has also computed the latitude/longitude for the waypoint.

20. Press the SAVE & EXIT

Softkey.

Also, if a waypoint is defined by entering the latitude/longitude and an airport or navaid identi- fier is then entered, the KMD 250 will compute the bearing and distance of the waypoint from the selected airport or navaid.

After the waypoints are saved, the User Waypoint List is dis- played. Several waypoints

have been entered in the example in Figure 1-80. One is a User Entered Airport, denoted by the airport icon (see Entering A User Airport). The lock symbol indicates that the waypoint is part of a flight plan and cannot be deleted until removed from the flight plan.

User Waypoints

ENTERING A USER AIRPORT

A User Airport is actually a User Waypoint to which additional airport information may be added.

The first User Airport Edit display is used in the same way as the User Waypoint Edit display as previously discussed. The following illustration describes the second User Airport Edit display.

1 Section

Operation Basic

2

3

7

6

Basic Operation

Section 1

User Waypoints

2.Turn the Rotary Knob to select Airport as shown in Figure 1-82. Note that the dis- play title has changed to USER AIRPORT EDIT 1 of 2.

3.Press the NEXT Softkey to display USER AIRPORT 2 of 2 as shown in Figure 1-83. The cursor will be initially be placed in Runway orientation field and the default will be None.

Figure 1-82

4. Turn the Rotary Knob to enter the desired runway orien- tation. Values of 01/19 through 18/36 may be entered as seen in Figure 1-84. Note that when a value entered, the airport icon now reflects a runway with the entered orientation.

Figure 1-83

Figure 1-84

5.Use the Joystick to place the cursor in the Surface field as shown in Figure 1-85.

6.Turn the Rotary Knob to select either Soft or Hard for the type of surface as shown in Figure 1-86. Note that the air- port icon has changed to reflect a hard surface runway.

7.Use the Joystick to place the cursor in the runway Length field. Use the Rotary Knob to select the desired runway length. A value from 0 to 20,000 feet can be entered. Note that 2000 ft. has been entered in Figure 1-87.

8.Use the Joystick to place the cursor in the runway eleva- tion (Elev) field. Use the Rotary Knob to select the desired runway elevation. A value from -2000 to 30,000 feet can be entered. See Figure 1-

Figure 1-85

Figure 1-86

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

User Waypoints

9.Two communication fre- quencies may be entered to provide QuickTune??? capa- bility. Use the Joystick to place the cursor in the desired comm Type field as shown in Figure 1-88.

10.Turn the Rotary Knob to select the desired the fre- quency type as shown in

11.In a similar manner as pre- viously discussed, use the Joystick and the Rotary Knob to enter the desired frequen- cies in the appropriate Freq fields as seen in Figure 1-90.

12.When all desired entries are completed, press the

SAVE & EXIT Softkey.

Table 1-3 Comm Frequency Types

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

EDITING A USER WAY-

POINT

Editing a waypoint is accom- plished in a similar manner to entering a new waypoint. To edit a User Waypoint that has been previously stored, per- form the following steps:

1.Press the MENU Key to display Figure 1-91. Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-92. Use the Joystick or Rotary Knob to place the cursor over User Waypoints as seen in Figure 1-92.

2.Press the SELECT Softkey to display the USER WAYPOINT LIST display as shown in Figure 1-93. Use the Rotary Knob and Joystick to select waypoint to edit.

3.Press the EDIT WPT Softkey to display the USER

WAYPOINT EDIT.

4.Repeat steps 3 through 20 in Entering A User Waypoint.

Figure 1-91

Figure 1-92

User Waypoints

DELETING A USER

WAYPOINT

To delete a User Waypoint that has been previously stored, perform the following steps:

1. Perform steps 1 and 2 in Editing A User Waypoint.

2. Press the DELETE WPT Softkey. Figure 1-94 will now

1 Section

Operation Basic

be displayed.

Figure 1-94

Direct-To Operation

DIRECT-TO OPERATION

The Direct-To Key initiates operation directly to a destination from the air- craft???s present position. This destination can be a User Waypoint or any point defined in the database. It can also be used within an active flight as discussed later in this section.

The KMD 250 must be navigating using the internal GPS when using the Direct-To feature. If an external GPS is selected as the current naviga- tion source, Direct-To will not be accessible on the KMD 250. In this case the Direct-To operation

must be performed from the external navigation source.

1 Section

Operation Basic

DIRECT-TO A DATA-

BASE OR STORED

WAYPOINT

1.If there is no active flight plan, pressing the Direct-To Key will display Figure 1-95.

2.Turn the Rotary Knob to display the Waypoint Entry Page as shown previously in Figure 1-76. The desired desti- nation can be entered here by using the Rotary Knob as dis- cussed previously.

3.Press the OK Softkey to enter the destination in the DIRECT TO field as in Figure 1-96.

Also, the NEAREST Softkey can be used to select a desti- nation from the FIND NEAREST list as discussed earlier in this section. Pressing the SELECT Softkey will enter the selected identifier into the

DIRECT TO field.

4. Press the ACTIVATE Softkey and the selected Direct-To route will be dis- played on the Map as shown in Figure 1-97.

Figure 1-95

Figure 1-96

Figure 1-97

Basic Operation

Section 1

DIRECT-TO USING THE

JOYSTICK POINTER

1.While on the Map Display, use the Joystick Pointer to select the desired destination as in Figure 1-98. The pointer can be placed anywhere on the map, not just used to select database items.

2.Press the Direct-To Key and the identifier for the selected destination will be entered into the DIRECT TO field as shown in Figure 1-99. If the Joystick Pointer is placed on something other than a database item, the next avail- able default User Waypoint name will appear in the DIRECT TO field. This way- point will be placed on the map at the position of the Joystick Pointer. To change the way- point name, see the discussion on User Waypoints earlier in this section.

3.Press the ACTIVATE Softkey and the route will be displayed on the Map as shown in Figure 1-100.

Figure 1-98

Figure 1-99

Direct-To Operation

1.Select the destination as discussed in the Direct-To pro- cedure.

2.Press the OBS COURSE

Softkey shown in Figure 1-101. This will display the OBS COURSE window as shown in Figure 1-102.

1 Section

Operation Basic

NOTE: Unless using OBS Course Mode within an active flight plan, Auto Leg Sequencing (see Appendix A) will be disabled.

3.The course field will be highlighted. Use the Rotary Knob to select the desired OBS course. If desired, the Joystick can be used to select the destination identifier in order to enter a new destina- tion. Turn the Rotary Knob to display the WAYPOINT ENTRY window.

4.Press the ACTIVATE Softkey and the route will be displayed on the Map as shown in Figure 1-103.

Figure 1-101

Figure 1-102

Flight Plan Operation

FLIGHT PLAN OPERATION

VFR flight plans can be created in the KMD 250 when configured to use the internal GPS. In units without the optional internal GPS the active flight plan from the external GPS may be viewed.

The FPL Key is used to toggle between the ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN Page and the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page.

Active Flight

Plan

Flight Plan

Index

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Flight Plan Operation

points, as each waypoint is highlighted it is displayed on the map centered in the window. The current leg and active waypoint are shown in magenta on the map.

Information about a waypoint can be viewed by using the Joystick to select the desired waypoint identifier in the list and then pressing the MORE INFO Softkey. Information will be displayed as shown in Figure 1-105. Press the CLEAR Softkey to exit.

Pressing the USE STICK Softkey will allow use of the Joystick Pointer for map inter- rogation as discussed previ- ously in Map Operation (see Figure 1-106. Press the RESET STICK Softkey to exit Joystick Pointer operation.

If applicable, press the MORE INFO softkey to view more

information about the selection. In the case of an airport, pressing the NEXT softkey on the AIRPORT INFO 1 of 2 Page will display the AIRPORT INFO 2 of 2 and allow access to the QUICK TUNE Softkey. Pressing this softkey will tune the radios to the correct frequencies for the airport as discussed previously in Airport Information.

VIEWING FLIGHT PLAN

DATA

When viewing the the ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN Page (Figure 1-105) or the STORED FLIGHT PLAN Page, pressing the DATA VIEW Softkey will display more detailed data pertaining to the flight plan selected as shown in Figure 1-

107. Pressing the MAP VIEW Softkey will return to the previous map view display.

FUEL FLOW

If the KMD 250 is installed in conjunction with a fuel flow monitor, the actual fuel flow and estimated fuel usage cal- culations will be displayed in white as in Figure 1-107. This will allow the KMD 250 to cal- culate the fuel flow for each leg of the flight plan based on cur- rent ground speed. If no fuel flow monitor is used, the value may be entered manually by using the Joystick to select the FFLOW field. Use the Rotary Knob to enter the desired value. User entered values, and calculations based on user entered data are displayed in yellow as seen in Figure 1-108.

NOTE: Fuel flow values can only be entered manually on the ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

Page if no fuel flow monitor is installed.

CHANGING THE DATA

COLUMNS

The three data columns can be changed to reflect various types of information for each leg. To change the columns perform the following steps.

1.Press the CHANGE FIELDS Softkey to display Figure 1-109.

2.Move the Joystick horizon-

Figure 1-108

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

CREATING A FLIGHT

PLAN

A maximum of 99 flight plans may be stored in the KMD 250. Each flight plan may contain up to 99 waypoints. To create a new flight plan, perform the fol- lowing steps.

1.Press the FPL Key to toggle to the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page. Initially, if no flight plans have been stored, the display will appear as shown in Figure 1-110.

2.Press the NEW FPL Softkey to display the STORED FLIGHT PLAN Page as seen in Figure 1-111. The first way- point in the flight plan can be entered using the Joystick Pointer and selecting a point on the map or by entering an identifier.

To enter an identifier, turn the Rotary Knob and the WAYPO- INT ENTRY window will be dis- played as in Figure 1-112. Use the Rotary Knob to enter the desired starting waypoint in the same manner as discussed in previous procedures.

Figure 1-110

Figure 1-111

Flight Plan Operation

Press the OK Softkey and the first waypoint is entered in the list as shown in Figure 1-113.

To select the waypoint using the Joystick Pointer, press the USE STICK Softkey. Using the Joystick, move the pointer to the desired place on the map as in Figure 1-114. Press the INSERT WPT Softkey to enter the waypoint in the list.

Figure 1-113

3. Continue entering way- points using either method until the flight plan is complete. Press the DONE Softkey and the flight plan will be entered on the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX

Page as shown in Figure 1- 115.

Figure 1-114

Figure 1-115

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

4.To start using the flight plan press the USE Softkey. Figure 1-116 will be displayed.

5.Press the OK Softkey to activate the flight plan as shown in Figure 1-117.

ACTIVATING A STORED

FLIGHT PLAN

Perform the following steps to activate a flight plan that has been stored in the KMD 250.

1.Press the FPL Key to dis- play the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX

Page as seen in Figure 1-118. Note that the current active flight plan is displayed in magenta with an arrow at the top of the list stored flight plans.

2.Use the Joystick to select the desired flight plan in the list.

Figure 1-116

Figure 1-117

Flight Plan Operation

3.Press the USE Softkey and Figure 1-119 will be displayed.

4.Press the OK Softkey to use the selected flight plan. If desired, the selected flight plan can be navigated in reverse by pressing the INVERT Softkey.

The selected flight plan will now be displayed on the ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN Page as in

5. Press the DONE Softkey to return to the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page.

Figure 1-120

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

EDITING A STORED

FLIGHT PLAN

To edit the active or a stored flight plan, begin by pressing the FPL Key to display the

FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page as seen in Figure 1-121. Press the EDIT/REVIEW Softkey to display Figure 1-122. Now var- ious editing parameters may be accomplished as in the fol- lowing discussions.

Pressing the COPY Softkey will allow the selected flight plan to be copied for editing while not changing the original.

DELETING A WAYPOINT IN

THE FLIGHT PLAN

To delete a waypoint in the flight plan, perform the fol- lowing steps.

1.Use the Joystick to select the waypoint to be deleted in list on the left of the display.

2.Press the DELETE WPT

Softkey to display Figure 1-

123.Press the OK Softkey to delete the waypoint.

3.Press the DONE Softkey to return to the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page.

Figure 1-121

Figure 1-122

Figure 1-123

INSERTING A WAYPOINT IN

THE FLIGHT PLAN

To insert a waypoint in the flight plan, perform the following steps.

1.Use the Joystick to select a waypoint in list to which the new waypoint will be inserted before or after (in this case OTM) as shown in Figure 1-

2.Select the new waypoint with one of the following methods.

To enter an identifier, turn the Rotary Knob and the WAYPO- INT ENTRY window will be dis- played as in Figure 1-125. Use the Rotary Knob to enter the desired waypoint (KTVK) in the same manner as discussed in previous procedures. Press the OK Softkey and the way- point is entered before OTM as shown in Figure 1-126.

Figure 1-124

Figure 1-125

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Flight Plan Operation

To select the waypoint using the Joystick Pointer, press the USE STICK Softkey. Using the Joystick, move the pointer to the desired place (KTVK) on the map as in Figure 1-127. Press the INSERT BEFORE or INSERT AFTER Softkey to enter the waypoint before or after the waypoint selected in the list as seen in Figure 1-128.

to return to the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page.

Figure 1-128

Figure 1-129

CHANGING THE NAME OF

THE FLIGHT PLAN

The name of the flight plan can be changed from either the

STORED FLIGHT PLAN or ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN Pages while in FPL Map View or FPL Data View.

To change the name of the flight plan, perform the fol- lowing steps.

1.Use the Joystick to select the flight plan name as shown in Figure 1-130.

2.Turn the Rotary Knob one increment and the flight plan name will shift to the left with the first character highlighted as in Figure 1-131.

3.Use the Rotary Knob to enter the desired first character for the new waypoint name.

4.Use the Joystick to select the next character field.

5.Use the Rotary Knob to enter the next desired char- acter for the new waypoint name. Continue until the desired name is entered as seen in Figure 1-132.

Figure 1-130

Figure 1-131

Figure 1-132

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Flight Plan Operation

6.Press the OK Softkey and the new name will shift back to the center as in Figure 1-133.

7.Press the DONE Softkey and the new flight plan name will be displayed in the list of flight plans as shown in Figure 1-134.

DELETING THE ACTIVE

FLIGHT PLAN

To delete the active flight plan perform the following steps:

1.Press the FPL Key until the

FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page is displayed as shown in Figure 1-136. Note that the active flight plan is highlighted in magenta.

2.Press the DELETE Softkey and Figure 1-137 will be dis- played to verify the deletion of the active flight plan.

3.Press the OK Softkey to delete the active flight plan. As shown in Figure 1-138, the active flight plan is no longer displayed. Note also that the previously active flight plan has not been deleted from the list of stored flight plans.

NOTE: If the active flight plan has not been stored prior to deleting, press the COPY Softkey to store a copy of the active flight plan before pressing the DELETE Softkey.

Figure 1-136

Figure 1-137

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Flight Plan Operation

USING DIRECT-TO IN THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

Sometimes it may be desirable to proceed directly to a waypoint in a flight plan or a specific leg in a flight plan. For example, after takeoff in a terminal area, vectors may be given followed by a clearance directly to the first waypoint in the filed flight plan or to intercept a particular leg in the filed flight plan. A Direct-To can be performed to the waypoint or to the flight plan leg. After reaching the waypoint or leg the KMD 250 will automatically begin navigating the active flight plan. If waypoints exist in the flight plan prior to that which the Direct-To is established, these way- points will be bypassed. If a Direct-To is established to a waypoint not in the flight plan, the navigation of the active flight plan will not resume after the Direct-To waypoint is reached.

NOTE: Remember, the internal GPS of the KMD 250 is not certified for IFR operation. Navigation of ATC clearances on the KMD 250 can only be done as a backup to the primary navigation system.

4. The Direct-To will also be denoted on the ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN Page. Press the FPL Key and note the change in the magenta arrow in the waypoint list indicates a Direct-To the waypoint as shown in Figure 1-141.

After the waypoint is reached, the KMD 250 will navigate the remainder of the active flight plan.

MANUALLY SELECTING AN

ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN LEG

To select a specific leg within an active flight plan perform the following steps.

1.Press the Direct-To Key to display the Direct-To window as shown previously in Figure 1-139 .

2.Press the Direct-To Key a second time to display Figure 1-142.

3.Use the Joystick to scan the flight plan legs.

4.When the desired leg is displayed, press the ACTI- VATE Softkey and the Map will again be displayed as in Figure 1-143. Note the airplane is navigating to intercept the selected flight plan leg.

Figure 1-141

Figure 1-142

Figure 1-143

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Flight Plan Operation

DELETING A DIRECT-TO

WITHIN THE ACTIVE

FLIGHT PLAN

If it becomes necessary to delete a Direct-To in an active flight plan (as seen in Figure 1- 140), perform the following steps:

1.Press the Direct-To Key to

2.Press the DELETE DIRECT Softkey to display Figure 1-145.

3.Press the OK Softkey. The Map will again be dis- played with guidance to inter- cept and resume the active flight plan as shown in Figure 1-146.

Figure 1-145

Figure 1-146

Flight Plan Operation

USING OBS COURSE MODE IN THE ACTIVE FLIGHT

PLAN

It may also be desirable to proceed directly to a waypoint in a flight plan on a specific bearing. An OBS Course can be set to the waypoint. If Automatic Leg Sequencing (see Appendix A) is enabled, after reaching the waypoint the KMD 250 will automatically begin navigating the next leg in the active flight plan. If Automatic Leg Sequencing is disabled, the aircraft will overfly the waypoint and continue on the selected course. If waypoints exist in the flight plan prior to that which the OBS Course is established, these waypoints will be bypassed. If an OBS Course is established to a waypoint not in the flight plan, the navigation of the active flight plan will not resume after the waypoint is reached.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Flight Plan Operation

4. Use the Joystick to high- light the Auto Leg Seq. field as shown in Figure 1-149.

5. Use the Rotary Knob to select Enabled. With Auto Leg Sequencing enabled the remaining portion of the flight plan will automatically resume after passing the waypoint.

Figure 1-150

Flight Plan Operation

DELETING AN OBS

COURSE WITHIN THE

ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

If it becomes necessary to cancel the selected OBS Course in an active flight plan (as seen in Figure 1-150), per- form the following steps:

1.Press the Direct-To Key to

2.Press the DELETE DIRECT Softkey and Figure 1-

152will be displayed.

3.Press the OK Softkey to confirm the deletion. The map will now display the active flight plan in Leg Mode as shown on Figure 1-153.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

TRIP PLANNING USING

PRESENT POSITION

For planning purposes the internal calculator can be used to determine such things as time, distance and required fuel to waypoints, for another flight plan or for modifications to the active flight plan. This is done by inserting the aircraft???s prese- nt position into a desired sce- nario and using the data view of the Active Flight Plan Page and selecting the desired data columns to present the needed information.

The following example illus- trates checking time, distance and required fuel to KDSM while navigating a flight plan from KIXD to KOSH as shown on Figure 1-154.

1.Perform the following steps to create a new flight plan as previously discussed.

2.Enter the desired destina- tion (in this case KDSM) using the Rotary Knob as shown in Figure 1-155.

3.Press the OK Softkey to display Figure 1-156.

Figure 1-154

Figure 1-155

Figure 1-156

4.Use the Joystick to high- light the destination identifier as shown in Figure 1-157.

5.Turn the Rotary Knob one increment to display Figure 1-

6.Press the INSERT PPOS

Softkey and the aircraft???s present position will be inserted before the selected identifier as seen in Figure 1-159. ETA, distance and required fuel to KDSM are now displayed in the data columns based on current ground speed and fuel flow (FFLOW) value indicated.

Inserting the aircraft???s present position in the flight plan is just like inserting any other way- point in the flight plan except the position continually updates.

Note the ground speed and fuel flow values shown in Figure 1- 159 indicate actual values by being displayed in white. Fuel flow is taken from a fuel flow monitor and GPS ground speed is being used.

7. If desired, press the

CHANGE FIELDS Softkey to change the data columns as discussed previously to view

other calculated data for the destination.

Figure 1-157

Figure 1-158

Figure 1-159

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Flight Plan Operation

9. To change the ground speed as in Figure 1-60, Use the Joystick to place the cursor in the desired field. Use the Rotary Knob to enter the desired values. Note the changes to the ETA and FUEL. Yellow indicates user entered data and data calculated from user entered data.

10. With the cursor over the GNDSPD value, press the USE ACTUAL Softkey to return the ground speed to the actual GPS ground speed as shown in Figure 1-161. Note also that the ETA and FUEL values have also returned to actual values.

Fuel flow (FFLOW) values can be changed in the same manner as ground speed. Fuel flow and ground speed can

also be changed in conjunction with one another to work out different scenarios.

NOTE: If the KMD 250 is not interfaced with a functioning fuel flow mon- itor, the fuel values will always be displayed in yellow.

11. Press the DONE Softkey to return to the FLIGHT PLAN INDEX Page. The flight plan created in this process can now be deleted if no longer needed.

System Setup

SYSTEM SETUP

This portion of the manual is designed to provide step by step instructions for the setup of the KMD 250. Note that not all features discussed here are available in all installations. If an item is not available it will appear ???grayed out??? and will not be selectable.

Figure 1-162

MAP SETUP

1. Press the MENU Key to display Figure 1-162. Press the MAP SETUP Softkey to display Figure 1-163. Use the Joystick to select the desired field and turn the Rotary Knob to make the desired changes.

Orientation: Set either in Track Up, North Up or Heading Up.

Extended TRK: Turns on or off the extended track line, which is drawn ahead of the present position in the direction of the present track.

Range Rings: Turns range rings on or off on the map.

Airport Settings: Selectable airport filtering for display on the map.

Min Rwy Len: Minimum Runway Length allows the display of airports on the map based on minimum runway length. This can be set to Any or 1000 ft to 5000 ft in 100 foot increments.

Surface: Allows the display of airports on the map based on Any sur- face or Hard surface only.

Label: May be set to display the airport on the map with ICAO identifier, the airport Name or City.

All settings on MAP SETTINGS GROUP 1 affect all map displays for all functions. Settings on GROUP 2 through 6 affects only the displays for the currently viewed function.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

System Setup

2. Press the NEXT GROUP Softkey to display the AVIATI- ON ICON GROUP Page as in Figure 1-164.

VFR Map aviation related icons are shown with corresponding definitions.

The next series of menus allows customizing of the Map Displays to show the amount of data desired for ease of read- ability at various display ranges.

The maximum range settings at which the ICON, LINE and/or TEXT is displayed on the map may be selected for each category. Use the Joystick to select the desired field and turn the Rotary Knob to change the setting.

3. Press the NEXT GROUP Softkey to display the AVIATI- ON LINE GROUP Page as in Figure 1-165.

VFR Map aviation related lines are shown with corresponding definitions.

The database filters airspace first by class, then by type. If the class is not known and the type does not fit into one of the categories, it will be displayed as Unknown.

Other SUA types are Radar

Area, Alert, Caution, Training, Warning or Unspecified.

Again, use the Joystick to select the desired field and turn the Rotary Knob to change the setting.

NOTE: Class A, E, F and G airspace will not be shown in the United States, but are in the international data.

4. Press the NEXT GROUP Softkey to display the LAND ICON GROUP Page as in Figure 1-166.

VFR Map land related icons are shown with corresponding definitions.

As before, use the Joystick to select the desired field and turn the Rotary Knob to change the setting.

5. Press the NEXT GROUP Softkey to display the second

LAND LINE GROUP Page as in Figure 1-167.

Again, use the Joystick to select the desired field and turn the Rotary Knob to change the setting.

6. Press the NEXT GROUP or OVLY SETUP Softkey to display the OVERLAYS GROUP Page as in Figure 1- 168.

Overlay icons are shown with corresponding definitions.

Figure 1-167

Figure 1-168

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

System Setup

NAVIGATION SETUP

1.Press the MENU Key to display Figure 1-169.

2.Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-

3.Use the Joystick to select

Navigation Setup then press

the SELECT Softkey to display the first the NAV DATA SET- TINGS Page as in Figure 1- 171.

4. Use the Joystick to select the desired item and use the Rotary Knob to change the value.

Current NAV Source :

Used to select the naviga- tion source in units with the optional internal GPS. Can be set to Internal GPS or

External. Options are depen- dent on installation configura- tion.

AutoNav : If the KMD 250 is installed to function with an external GPS

source, such as a KLN 94, and KMD 250 has the optional internal GPS, the system is capable of automatically switching from the external GPS source to the internal GPS when situations dictate. When AutoNav is enabled, this

allows the system to prompt the user for a change in navigation source if valid position data is not being received from the external source. The flight plan will be copied from the external navigation source to the KMD 250 active flight plan. Navigation displayed will be limited to VFR only as annunciated by INTERNAL VFR GPS. Options are dependent on instal- lation configuration.

CDI Scale: Used to set the sensitivity of the Course Deviation Indicator when being viewed in a Data Field. Options are 5nm, 1nm or .3nm.

System Setup

NOTE: The 0.3 nm scale could result in overly active roll performance depending upon the particular autopilot installation. Use of the 1 nm or 5 nm CDI scale may be preferred during autopilot operation.

Time Zone: Selection determines the time displayed in any time related Data Field. The next line gives a description of the abbreviation and the offset from UTC time. When Local Time is selected the UTC offset field will be an entry field to input the local offset value. The following is a list of the available Time Zone options:

Magnetic Variation: The magnetic variation used for navigation calcula- tions. Options are Auto, Manual or External depending on installation configuration. When Manual is selected, the offset can be entered using the Rotary Knob.

5. Press the NEXT Softkey to display the second NAV DATA SETTINGS Page as in Figure 1-172.

Position Format: Determines whether position information is displayed with reference to Lat/Lon (Latitude/Longitude), UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) or OSGB (Ordinance Survey of Great Britain) in the PPOS Data Field. This will also

affect the PBRG and PDIS data when the Joystick Pointer is active.

Note: OSGB is only defined for Great Britain.

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

System Setup

Near Pos Format: Determines parameters used to display the near position reporting when viewed in a Data Field. Can be set to

Airports+VORs, VORs only or All data.

Turn Anticipation: When turned on, turn guidance to a new course is provided along an arc.

SUA Alerting: When turned on, a Special Use Airspace Alert Message will be annunciated when the aircraft is approximately 10 minutes or two miles from entering the airspace.

SUA Alerting Buffer: Defines the altitude boundary for the Special Use Airspace at which the Alert Message is annunciated. Can be set from 300 feet to 59900 feet in 100 foot increments.

Default/WPT Char.: Defines the default first character displayed in way- point data entry fields. Use the Rotary Knob to enter the desired alphanumeric character.

6. Press the AUX MENU Softkey to return to the first NAV DATA SET- TINGS Page. Now press the DONE Softkey to exit the setup.

DEMO MODE & SETUP

A great way to become familiar with all the features of the KMD 250 is to use it???s built in Demo Mode. When the KMD 250 is in the Demo Mode, it performs as if it is receiving adequate sensor signals to use the various functions. Units without the optional internal GPS, a pre-programmed flight plan determined by the database type being used can be navi- gated. Units containing the optional internal GPS can navigate any user programmed waypoints or flight plans.

In order for the KMD 250 to function in the Demo Mode it must be used in conjunction with a product such as the Commander 2900 from Lone Star Aviation.

For more information on the Commander 2900-KMD 250, or to place an order, contact:

Lone Star Aviation, Inc. 604 Wisteria Street Mansfield, TX 76063 Phone: (682) 518-8882 FAX: (682) 518-8831 www.lonestaraviation.com

The KMD 250 is automatically put into Demo Mode when it is used with a Commander 2900. In addition, an authorized Honeywell Service Center may also arrange for you to put the KMD 250 into Demo Mode by grounding the appropriate pin at the back of the unit while it is removed from the aircraft and is connected to an appropriate power supply. The KMD 250 must never be put into the Demo Mode when it is installed in the aircraft.

After power-up is complete Figure 1-173 will be displayed. Press the DEMO MODE Softkey and Figure 1-174 will be displayed. Press the OK Softkey to acknowledge the caution.

Press the OK Softkey to acknowledge the next caution displays as in previous discus- sions.

System Setup

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

System Setup

DEMO MODE FOR GPS

VERSIONS

If the KMD 250 contains the optional internal GPS, way- points and flight plans may be created, stored and navigated in the Demo Mode. After entering Demo Mode refer to previous discussions for opera- tion of the KMD 250.

CHANGING DEMO MODE

SETTINGS

To modify the Demo Mode set- tings, perform the following steps:

1.Press the MENU Key to dis- play the AUX MENU Softkey as in Figure 1-176.

2.Press the AUX MENU

Softkey to display Figure 1- 177. If necessary, use the Joystick to highlight Demo Mode Setup as shown.

3. Press the SELECT Softkey to display Figure 1-178. In ver- sions without the optional internal GPS, the default Mode setting is Auto. When Auto is selected, all other parameters will be ???grayed out???. To change the other parameters, turn the Rotary Knob to select Manual in the Mode field. The Joystick may now be used to select the

desired field. Turn the Rotary Knob to enter the desired values.

In versions containing the optional internal GPS, Mode is not available and all fields are selectable and editable.

4. When finished making changes, press the RESTART DEMO Softkey to begin the demo using the new parameters.

Basic Operation

Section 1

DATABASE VERSIONS

The current database version may be checked by performing the following steps:

1.Press the MENU Key to dis- play the AUX MENU Softkey as in Figure 1-176.

2.Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-181. If necessary, use the Joystick to highlight Database Versions as shown.

3.Press the SELECT Softkey to display Figure 1-182.

NOTE: For a VDL installation, if a new datacard is not installed before the date shown under SUBSCRIPTION DATA,, the KMD 250 will no longer receive FIS subscriptions even if the FIS subscriptions are cur- rent. A new datacard is only required on initial XM installa- tions, not for later database updates.

Figure 1-181

Figure 1-182

Map Display Icons

MAP DISPLAY ICONS

The following table shows the map display icons and their meanings:

1 Section

Operation Basic

Datacards

DATACARDS

DATA AREAS

Honeywell produces three datacards based on the ICAO/ARINC geo- graphic areas for the KMD 250 that cover the entire world. Each card for each area contains the operating software, the appropriate Jeppesen aeronautical data, cartographic data and topological data to a high reso- lution. Also included is a low resolution map of the rest of the world.

The ten ICAO/ARINC areas along with their three letter identifiers are:

These areas are combined to produce three data cards covering the entire world that contain the following data:

AMR Americas - comprising CAN, USA, LAM, SAM

ATI Atlantic International - comprising EUR, AFR, EEU, MES

PAI Pacific International - comprising PAC, SPA, EEU, MES

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Datacards

INSERTING A NEW

DATACARD

Each KMD 250 Database cycle will result in the necessity to load a new database when using the database subscripti- on service. This is done by inserting a new datacard.

NOTE: Since all user way- points and flight plans are stored on the datacard, it will be necessary to transfer this data to the new datacard.

The following displays depict those seen on a KMD 250 con- taining the internal GPS.

To change the datacard follow these steps:

1.Turn off the KMD 250.

2.Push in the datacard until it

clicks, then release. The data- card should now slide straight out.

3.With the new card facing upward, as indicated on it???s label, insert the new datacard until it clicks. The new data- card is now locked in place.

4.Turn the unit on and, if necessary, wait for the new software to load.

5. Figure 1-183 will be dis- played to allow flight plans and

waypoints stored on the previous datacard to be moved to the new data- card. Press the YES Softkey to move stored data. Other wise press the NO Softkey.

6.After pressing the YES Softkey, Figure 1-184 will be displayed. As directed, remove the new datacard and re-insert the old datacard.

7.When Figure 1-185 is displayed re-insert the new datacard.

8. The flight plans and way- points are now written to the new card as shown in Figure 1- 186. Press the OK Softkey.

NOTE: In units that do not contain the internal GPS, refer- ences to flight plans will not be displayed. For example the title of the window in Figure 1- 186 will be ???USER WAYPOINT

DATA STORED???.

Figure 1-186

TRANSFERRING DATA

BETWEEN DATACARDS

User stored data such as flight plans and waypoints can be moved between datacards.

The following displays depict those seen on a KMD 250 con- taining the internal GPS.

Datacards

1 Section

Operation Basic

STORE CURRENT USER

DATA ON ANOTHER DATA-

CARD

To move from one datacard to another, perform the following steps:

1.Press the MENU Key.

2.Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-

187.Use the Joystick to high- light User FPL Save/Load as shown.

Figure 1-187

Figure 1-188

Basic Operation

Section 1

6.When Figure 1-189 is dis- played, insert the datacard to which the data will be copied.

7.After the datacard is inserted, the data will be copied and Figure 1-190 will displayed indicating the data was copied successfully.

8.Re-insert the original data- card.

NOTE: In units that do not con- tain the internal GPS, refer- ences to flight plans will not be displayed. For example the title of the window in Figure 1- 190 will be ???USER WAYPOINT

DATA STORED???.

RETRIEVE USER DATA

FROM ANOTHER DATA-

CARD

To move from one datacard to another, perform the following steps:

1.Press the MENU Key.

2.Press the AUX MENU Softkey to display Figure 1-

191.Use the Joystick to high- light User FPL Save/Load as shown.

Figure 1-189

Figure 1-190

3.Press the SELECT Softkey to display Figure 1-

4.If necessary, use the Joystick to highlight Read user data from another datacard.

5.Press the SELECT Softkey.

6.When Figure 1-193 is dis- played, insert the datacard containing the data to be copied.

7.After the datacard is inserted, the data will be read and Figure 1-194 will displayed indicating the data is ready to be copied.

8.Re-insert the original data- card that will receive the data.

9.Figure 1-195 will be dis- played indicating data on the datacard will be overwritten.

10.Press the OK Softkey to overwrite.

Figure 1-192

Figure 1-193

1 Section

Operation Basic

Basic Operation

Section 1

Datacards

11.Figure 1-196 will be dis- played showing that the data has been stored on the data- card.

12.Press the OK Softkey to continue.

NOTE: In units that do not con- tain the internal GPS, refer- ences to flight plans will not be displayed. For example the title

of the window in Figure 1-195Figure 1-196 will be ???STORING USER WAY-

POINT DATA???.

CONCEPT OF OPERATION

The Flight Information Services (FIS) system supplies real-time weather information and other flight advisory information to pilots to enhance situ- ation awareness.

FIS is not intended to replace voice radio services. Voice communication of weather and meteorological information, in accordance with FAA operating rules, is still required.

Real-time weather is available 24 hours / day, 7 days / week. Two dif- ferent systems are available for delivery of the weather data: a ground- based VHF Datalink (VDL) network and Baron WxWorx weather deliv- ered via the XM Radio satellite system. Data acquired from FAA approved weather sources is processed and then distributed to VDL Ground Stations and to the XM satellite network. The Ground Stations broadcast the information over a VHF Data Link (VDL) to aircraft within line-of-sight utilizing VDL mode 2 transmitters at a bit rate up to 31.5 kbps. The XM satellite network uses two geosynchronous satellites to broadcast network weather to aircraft at S-band (2.3 GHz) frequencies.

This diagram illustrates how FIS VDL data is received in the aircraft.

2 Section

Operation FIS

Introduction

To receive FIS WX products, an aircraft must be equipped with a com- patible VDL receiver (KDR 510) or XM receiver (KDR 610), dedicated VHF antenna or satellite antenna, and appropriate display (KMD 250). FIS VDL uses a one-way (ground-to-air) broadcast protocol. XM WX uses one-way (satellite network to air) broadcast protocol. Data is con- tinually broadcast without the need to request information, nor acknowl- edge receipt.

Both basic (no-cost) and value added fee-based products are transmitted by VDL. Basic VDL products are displayed using standard ICAO/WMO textual format.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Introduction

EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW

The Datalink Weather Function of the Bendix/King KMD 250 allows for the display and control of textual and graphical weather information received from the Bendix/King KDR 510 VDL Receiver or the KDR 610 XM satellite receiver. The choice of VDL or XM receiver is made during installation. A single display can display only VDL weather or only XM weather, not both.

This section describes the operation of the KMD 250 display and dis- cusses the proper use of the displayed data for strategic weather plan- ning.

The Bendix/King KMD 250 is shown below with the Text METAR Page selected.

2 Section

Operation FIS

METAR

A METAR (Aviation Routine Weather Report) describes the specific weather conditions at a particular airport at a given time. The elements of a METAR are in order as follows:

1.Type of report

2.ICAO station identifier

3.Date and time of issue

4.Modifier (AUTO if automated report or COR if corrected observation)

5.Wind

6.Visibility

7.Runway visual range (as required)

8.Weather phenomena

9.Sky condition

10.Temperature/dew point group

11.Altimeter

12.Remarks (as required)

METARs available within the selected range of the selected area will be displayed up to a maximum of 25 reports. These reports are displayed in an encoded textual format. METARs displayed graphically on the map are offered through a subscription service.

NOTE: When a specific element of METAR data is not available, it is omitted from the report. The user must know the sequence of data to recognize omissions. METAR observations older than 120 minutes will be discarded.

See the section on Understanding Textual Aviation Weather Reports, for instructions on decoding textual METARs.

2 Section

Operation FIS

Basic Service Weather Products

of the data elements are formatted as those in a METAR report. A TAF will contain elements in the following order:

1.Type of report

2.ICAO station identifier

3.Date and time of issue

4.Date and time valid

5.Wind

6.Visibility

7.Weather phenomena

8.Sky conditions

9.Wind shear (as required)

10.Forecast weather change indicator

TAFs available within the selected range of the selected area will be dis- played up to a maximum of 25 reports. These reports are displayed in an encoded textual format.

NOTE: TAFs older than the forecast validity period are discarded. Amended or corrected TAFs generated within the issuance period are provided as soon as they are available, and the previous outdated TAF is no longer transmitted.

See the section on Understanding Textual Aviation Weather Reports, for instructions on decoding textual TAFs.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Basic Service Weather Products

10.Turbulence (may not always be present)

11.Icing (may not always be present)

12.Remarks (may not always be present)

PIREPs available within the selected range of the selected area will be displayed up to a maximum of 25 reports. These reports are displayed in an encoded textual format.

NOTE: PIREPs older than 120 minutes are discarded.

See the section on Understanding Textual Aviation Weather Reports, for instructions on decoding textual PIREPs.

AIRMET

An AIRMET (Airman???s Meteorological Information) is an advisory of significant weather that could be hazardous to single engine, light aircraft and VFR pilots. However, parameters are such that the phenomena does not require issuance of a SIGMET. AIRMETs address details regarding IFR, extensive mountain obscuration, turbulence, strong sur- face winds, icing and freezing levels. AIRMETs are considered wide- spread because they must either be affecting or forecast to affect an area at least 3,000 square miles. However, during the forecast period, the actual affected area may be much smaller. AIRMETs are issued every six hours and the maximum forecast period is 6 hours. An AIRMET will contain elements in the following order:

1.Forecast Area

2.Report Type

3.Date and time issued

4.Report designation and reason for issuance

5.Validity period

6.Area of coverage

7.Weather phenomenon details.

These reports are displayed in an encoded textual format.

NOTE: AIRMETs may be issued up to 15 minutes prior to the start of the validity period. The system will display the data age as zero until the start of the validity period. AIRMETs older than 360 minutes are discarded. Amended or corrected AIRMETs generated within the issuance period are provided as soon as they are available, and the previous outdated AIRMET is no longer transmitted.

When an AIRMET is cancelled, neither the original report nor the cance- lation message can be displayed.

SIGMET

A SIGMET (Significant Meteorological Information) is an advisory of non- convective weather that is potentially hazardous to all aircraft. SIGMETs address details regarding severe icing not associated with thunder- storms, severe or extreme turbulence not associated with thunderstorms, dust or sand storms lowering visibility to less than 3 miles, volcanic ash. SIGMETs are considered widespread because they must either be affecting or forecast to affect an area at least 3,000 square miles. However, during the forecast period, the actual affected area may be much smaller. SIGMETs are issued as needed and the maximum fore- cast period is 4 hours, except for 6 hours for conditions associated with hurricanes. A SIGMET will contain elements in the following order:

1.Forecast Area

2.Report Type

3.Date and time issued

4.Report designation and reason for issuance

5.Validity period

6.Area of coverage

7.Location of weather phenomenon

8.Weather phenomenon details.

These reports are displayed in an encoded textual format.

NOTE: SIGMETs older than the forecast period are discarded. Amended or corrected SIGMETs generated within the issuance period are pro- vided as soon as they are available, and the previous outdated SIGMET is no longer transmitted.

When an SIGMET is cancelled, neither the original report nor the cance- lation message can be displayed.

See the section on Understanding Textual Aviation Weather Reports, for instructions on decoding textual SIGMETs.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Basic Service Weather Products

thunderstorms, or thunderstorms producing heavy precipitation affecting an area 40 percent or more of an area at least 3,000 square miles. Convective SIGMETs are issued hourly with a maximum forecast period of 2 hours. A Convective SIGMET will contain elements in the following order:

1.Region Identifier and issue date and time

2.Report designator

3.Validity period

4.Area of coverage

5.Location details

6.Weather phenomena details

NOTE: Convective SIGMETs older than the forecast period are dis- carded. Amended or corrected Convective SIGMETs generated within the issuance period are provided as soon as they are available, and the previous outdated Convective SIGMET is no longer transmitted.

See the section on Understanding Textual Aviation Weather Reports, for instructions on decoding textual Convective SIGMETs.

The following is a discussion of weather products offered with the value added VDL subscription service. Accessing and navigating these ser- vices will be discussed in detail later in this section.

All basic and value-added products (except those identified as VDL only) can also be obtained through a single fee-based XM subscription ser- vice.

NEXRAD

Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) is formally designated WSR-88D, which stands for Weather Service Radar (Doppler) and was commis- sioned in 1988.

FIS VDL provides NEXRAD base reflectivity and XM WX provides NEXRAD composite reflectivity. Each NEXRAD ground radar site scan is composed of separate beam scans at several elevation angles for 360 degrees around the site. Base reflectivity is the highest precipita- tion echo (reflectivity) contained in the lowest NEXRAD radar elevation angle scan (5 degrees). Composite reflectivity provides the highest precipitation echoes within all of the elevation scan angles. The NEXRAD base or composite reflectivity modes provide a display of echo intensity depicted by colors. NEXRAD information is good for identifying precipitation intensity.

This NEXRAD base reflectivity data product content consists of reflec- tivity measured at the minimum scan angle of 0.5 degree elevation.

CAUTION: NEXRAD data must be used for strategic planning pur- poses only. Due to inherent delays and relative age of the data that can be experienced, NEXRAD data cannot be used for tactical avoidance of weather.

NEXRAD reflectivity images older than 75 minutes are dis- carded and no longer dis- played.

Figure 2-1 shows a typical NEXRAD display. Political boundaries, rivers, lakes, and oceans are depicted in con- junction with weather.

The display range may be changed to zoom in on a spe-

cific area to get a more detailed weather picture, or zoom out to display a wider range.

2 Section

Operation FIS

Value Added Service Weather Products

10.Echoes from migrating birds, bats, and insects will be displayed as circular patterns of level 1 reflectivity centered near NEXRAD sites.

11.Significant variation in humidity with altitude can cause reflections from the Earth's surface. These reflections are also displayed as large circular or oval areas of uniform low intensity.

12.Differences will be noted between the base reflectivity (VDL) and composite (XM) products. The base reflectivity product displays the lower extent of cloud masses, so the extent of water droplets appears to be less. The composite product provides more airborne water reflection seen at higher angles as viewed from the NEXRAD ground sites, so higher level features of the convective activity will be given. For example, the ???blowout??? portion of thunderstorms (the anvil portion) containing high altitude ice particles is often depicted as light precipitation and might be confused for lower altitude light precipitation. Either base or composite product provides an accurate, but somewhat time delayed depiction of high levels of precipitation for fully developed or late stage thunder- storms.

NEXRAD LIMITATIONS

2 Section

Operation FIS

information currency.

3. Due to NEXRAD site loca- tion limitations, terrestrial block- ages and outages, NEXRAD coverage gaps exist. Coverage gaps are displayed as a cross hatched pattern as shown in Figure 2-2. Lack of reflectivity in a coverage gap area should not be construed as a lack of precipitation. Coverage gaps are portrayed identically on either VDL or XM.

Coverage Gap

Figure 2-2

FIS Operation

Section 2

Precipitation intensity is depicted using colors as follows:

The NEXRAD dBz levels, descriptions and colors are consistent with FAA guidelines.

Moving the joystick and pressing the LEGEND Softkey will display the NEXRAD legend as shown in Figure 2-3 (FIS VDL) and 2-4 (XM WX).

The column labeled dBz is a measure of the radar echo intensity.

The strength of a radar return signal typically varies as a function of distance (i.e., weaker from distant targets, stronger from those nearby) and the object size.

Many weather sources avail- able on the internet use color coding that is different than the KMD 250 color coding. The dBz and intensity level can be used to compare intensity levels between dif- ferent sources of NEXRAD information since many internet weather providers will include a legend with dBz

Figure 2-4

Value Added Service Weather Products

GRAPHICAL METAR

The graphical METAR is derived from the most currently received tex- tual METAR or SPECI data from reporting sites. This is displayed on a map background to enhance

situational awareness as shown on Figure 2-5.

The graphical METAR icon is gray when the textual METAR or SPECI report exceeds 75 minutes (AGED), but is less than the textual METAR

CAUTION: Graphical METAR data must be used for strategic plan- ning purposes only. Due to inherent delays, areas of coverage and relative age and availability of the data that can be experi- enced, Graphical METAR data cannot be viewed as an absolute depiction of conditions at a specific location.

Graphical METARs are shown using two color coded boxes, one indi- cating ceiling (upper box), the other visibility (lower box). Next to the boxes is the ICAO station identifier for the airport to which the METAR pertains. Color coding for the boxes is specified in the table below:

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Value Added Service Weather Products

Moving the joystick pointer to an area that will not highlight a specific report then pressing the LEGEND Softkey will dis- play the graphical METAR legend as shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6

GRAPHICAL AIRMET

The graphical AIRMET is derived from the location description (if pro- vided) in the textual AIRMET and displayed as a boundary box with the appropriate color for the condition as shown in the legend (for a description, see AIRMETs in the Basic Weather Services section). The ???IN??? box in the legend indicates the current aircraft position is within the corresponding forecast condition. The boundaries are displayed on a map background to enhance situational awareness as shown on Figure 2-7. Low Level Wind Shear and Freezing Level information will not be displayed on the GRAPHICAL AIRMET; check the textual AIRMETs for this information.

NOTE: If no location description is provided in the textual AIRMET the AIRMET cannot be depicted graphically. These AIRMETs are denoted by displaying the AIRMET identifier in green within the textual AIRMET.

Figure 2-7

A current subscription (VDL or XM) and a current data card (VDL only) are required to receive services. Subscriptions are used to gain access to services. Some VDL services are offered at no cost and others are fee based. All XM weather services are provided on a fee basis. All services not identified as VDL only are available with an XM subscription.

VDL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Obtaining a VDL subscription can be performed via website, (http://www.bendixking.com) select Wingman Services, Data Link Weather, or alternatively by contacting Wingman Services at 800-247- 0230 (or 913-712-3145). During this process, you will have the option to subscribe to fee-based products, such as NEXRAD, Graphical METARs, Graphical AIRMETs, Graphical SIGMETs, Graphical Convective SIGMETs, Graphical AWWs and/or may choose to subscribe to basic textual products, such as TAFs, METARs/SPECIs, PIREPs, AIRMETs, SIGMETs, Convective SIGMETs and AWWs, which are free-of-charge.

NOTE: Although the basic textual products are free of charge, they still require a subscription as well as a current data card to receive the ser- vice.

To accommodate users with varying service needs (for example, during different flying seasons over the course of a year), the display unit allows storage for up to four individual subscriptions, in much the same way that a computer can support multiple user accounts with different passwords. Once entered, the display unit manages selection of the appropriate sub- scription without any operator intervention. A subscription code must be entered into the display unit whenever you add or renew a subscription.

When subscribing for a FIS VDL service package, you may specify the date when service shall commence and the duration. If you subscribe to multiple packages, the start date and duration of each can differ (if desired). For instance, a user may select the free text weather package for an entire year and also choose a graphical weather package for part of the year.

During the subscription process, you will receive 1 to 4 subscription codes which you must enter into your display unit to permit access to all products. A subscription code is an alphanumeric sequence that permits access to the FIS VDL broadcast network in much the same way that a computer password permits access to a computer network. When you subscribe for FIS services, the online system will ask for a FIS Display ID in order to provide you with the subscription code. The FIS Display ID is a unique alphanumeric serial number associated with your display unit. This ID is obtained by viewing the FIS VDL Subscription Status page on your display unit. After obtaining the subscription code (from either

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

FIS Subscriptions

www.bendixking.com or via a phone call to Wingman Services), enter this code into your display unit. The subscription code tells the display the service(s) to which you have subscribed and for what period of time.

Also, the data card must be updated at least once a year for continuance of FIS subscription service. The validity period for the subscription data on the data card is shown on the FIS Caution page at power on and also on the FIS Subscription Status Page. The data card contains both sub- scription data that is needed to access FIS products as well as the latest operating software. By updating the data card at least once a year prior to the expiration date you will ensure uninterrupted FIS service and also have the latest version of software to utilize new FIS products as they become available. Note that data card updates are available every 28 days and also include the latest version of Jeppesen navigation data.

FIS Subscriptions

SETTING UP A FIS VDL SUBSCRIPTION

At least one subscription must be set up, even to receive the no-charge services. Up to four different concurrent subscriptions can be set up depending on the service packages desired.

NOTE: Entering more than four subscriptions will cause previous sub- scriptions to be overwritten.

NOTE: The following details require selection of a KDR-510 as the source for datalink weather data.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Obtain the unique ID for your system and visit the Wingman Services website on www.bendixking.com or call 1- 800-247-0230. This ID will be used to obtain a Subscription Code.

NOTE: For uninterrupted FIS services, the data card must be updated by the date shown in

???DATA CARD UPDATE REQUIRED BY??? field.

5.After obtaining the Subscription Code, press the ADD SUBSCR softkey to dis- play Figure 2-14

6.The Rotary Knob selects the alphanumeric character and the Joystick selects the char- acter position. Turn the Rotary Knob until the first character of the Subscription Code is dis- played in first space. Push the Joystick to the right to move to the next space to the right. Turn the Rotary Knob until the second character of the Subscription Code is displayed. Continue this sequence until the entire Subscription Code has been entered as shown in Figure 2-15.

After selecting the last char- acter space of the Subscription Code the ENTER Softkey will be available.

Figure 2-14

Figure 2-15

Figure 2-16

If an incorrect code has been entered, a notification like that shown in Figure 2-17 will be displayed.

8. After the subscription has been accepted, Figure 2-18 will be displayed showing the sub- scription validity period and status. If the subscription has been entered prior to the begin- ning of subscription service, the entered subscription will begin when subscription services are turned on.

CHECKING FIS VDL SUB-

SCRIPTIONS

To check FIS VDL subscription validity or status perform the following steps:

1. Repeat steps 1 through 4 in the Setting Up a FIS VDL Subscription section.

Figure 2-17

Figure 2-18

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

FIS Subscriptions

XM WX SUBSCRIPTIONS

An XM subscription must be set up to receive XM WX services. This process involves accessing the XM Radio website and a toll-free phone call to XM Radio.

SETTING UP AN XM WX SUBSCRIPTION

NOTE: The following details require selection of an XM receiver (such as a KDR-610) as the source for datalink weather data.

Setting up an XM WX subscription can be accomplished by following these steps:

1a. Retrieve the 8-digit ID from the KDR 610 label (should be attached to the opposite end of the receiver from the connectors).

OR

1b. Apply power to the display and receiver, select the MENU key and the AUX MENU softkey. The SELECT AUX PAGE is shown on the screen. Scroll down to FIS Subscription so it is highlighted as shown in Figure 2-20. Select the SELECT softkey and record the 8-digit receiver ID displayed at the bottom of the FIS Subscription Status page.

2.Go to the website www.xmradio.com/weather to select your weather subscrip- tion package.

3.Apply power to the XM receiver, and place the receiver???s antenna where the signal can be received from the XM satellites. Make certain the antenna has a good view of the

4. With the Receiver ID and desired subscription package in hand, con- tact XM Radio at 1-800-985-9200 for assistance in activating your receiver and setting up a weather product subscription. The receiver should remain in view of the satellites during the subscription process.

5.Verify the activation of the receiver and the subscription validity by selecting and viewing the ???FIS Subscription Status Page??? on the KMD screen.

If for any reason the receiver was not exposed to the XM signal within the initial 24 hour broadcast period, or is not successfully authorized for some other reason, a subsequent 15 minute resend of the subscription information can be obtained. Get the receiver ID (instructions in step 1a or 1b above), go to the website http://www.xmradio.com/refresh/, and

FIS Subscriptions

follow the instructions.

CHECKING XM WX

SUBSCRIPTIONS

To check the FIS XM subscrip- tion and receiver status, apply power to the display and receiver, select the MENU key, then the AUX MENU softkey, which opens the SELECT AUX PAGE. Scroll down to FIS Subscription so it is highlighted, and finally select the SELECT

softkey, as in step 1b previ-Figure 2-21 ously.

The Application IDs are displayed along with the receiver activation and subscription status as shown in Figure 2-21. The Application IDs provide the groupings of products that are part of th subscription package. Green checkmarks indicate those App IDs or product groups that are contained in the subscription package for the XM receiver. Contact XM Radio at 1- 800-985-9200 with the App ID information if the subscribed products are not received and displayed.

2 Section

Operation FIS

Normal Operation

NORMAL OPERATION

To display the FIS pages, press the WX Function Select Key. Each press will cycle through the FIS Graphics Page, FIS Text Page and Stormscope?? (if installed).

Datalink Wx

Graphical

Products

Datalink Wx

Textual

Products

Stormscope?? *Only if Stormscope?? is installed

2 Section

Operation FIS

Normal Operation

NOTE: The KMD 250 will only allow for selection and display of products for which data has been received. If a desired product is not available, it may be that the data has not yet been received or to which there is no subscription. Wx Watches and PIREPs are not available for XM WX and will not be listed

FIS Operation

Section 2

Figure 2-23

Figure 2-24

2

8

1

2 Section

FIS Operation

Section 2

CAUTION: NEXRAD data must only be used for strategic planning purposes. Due to inherent delays and relative age of the data that can be experienced, NEXRAD data cannot be used for tactical avoidance of weather.

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Graphical Weather Products, Textual Weather Products and Stormscope??.

Rotary Knob - Turning the Rotary Knob cycles through the graphical NEXRAD, METAR, AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Alert Weather Watches and FIS Network Status Pages.

Joystick - Moving the Joystick allows panning of the map and placement of the pointer over the desired weather activity to be viewed.

RNG???/RNG??? - Displays ZOOMING TO ### nm and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the outer range ring the displayed range and the inner range ring is half the displayed range.

Normal Operation

Always make note of the age of the data displayed in the bottom right corner (see Figure 2-25). Remember, the older the age the more suspect the accuracy of the data. The col- ored bar will be green the first 50% of the expiration time period for the displayed data then turn yellow. Also, delays occurring prior to the weather distributor time stamping the data are not reflected in the dis- played age. These delays can range from one to seven min- utes.

If no data update has been received for 75 minutes the NEXRAD image is discarded and no longer displayed.

2. Press the RNG??? /RNG??? Key to zoom in or out on the display. The map is centered on the present position indi- cated by the symbolic aircraft.

3. To view a specific area of weather, move the joystick in the desired direction. A pointer will appear on the display (see Figure 2-27). The distance and bearing between present posi- tion and the pointer is shown at the bottom of the display. As the joystick is held the pointer will continue to move. When the pointer reaches the edge of

the display the map will pan to keep up with pointer movement. Release the joystick to stop moving the pointer. Press the RNG???/RNG??? keys to zoom in or out on the pointer position.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

2

1

6

7

8

9

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Graphical Weather Products, Textual Weather Products and Stormscope??.

Rotary Knob - Turning the Rotary Knob cycles through the graphical NEXRAD, METAR, AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Alert Weather Watches and FIS Network Status Pages.

Joystick - Moving the Joystick allows panning of the map and placement of the pointer over the desired weather activity to be viewed.

RNG???/RNG??? - Displays ZOOMING TO ### nm and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the outer range ring the displayed range and the inner range ring is half the displayed range.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

pertaining to the location and the AGE of the report (see Figure 2-32).

4.Press the RNG??? /RNG??? keys to zoom in or out on the pointer position.

5.Press the MORE INFO Softkey to display the Text METAR Page for the displayed location as in Figure 2-33.

6.Press the RETURN TO MAP Softkey to return to the previous display.

7.Press the RESET STICK

Softkey to return to the present position display. If no actions are taken for a period of 30 seconds, the display will return to the aircraft present position display.

8.To view the GRAPHICAL METAR LEGEND, move the joystick pointer to an area with no icons and press the LEGEND Softkey. The legend will be displayed as in Figure 2-

34.Press the CLEAR Softkey to remove the legend from the display.

Figure 2-31

Figure 2-32

6

1

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Graphical Weather Products, Textual Weather Products and Stormscope??.

Rotary Knob - Turning the Rotary Knob cycles through the graphical NEXRAD, METAR, AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Alert Weather Watches and FIS Network Status Pages.

Joystick - Moving the Joystick allows panning of the map and placement of the pointer over the desired weather activity to be viewed.

RNG???/RNG??? - Displays ZOOMING TO ### nm and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the outer range ring the displayed range and the inner range ring is half the displayed range.

5.Press the MORE INFO Softkey to display the Text AIRMET Page for the displayed location as in Figure 2-37.

6.Press the RETURN TO MAP Softkey to return to the previous display.

7.Press the RESET STICK

Softkey to return to the present position display. If no actions are taken for a period of 30 sec- onds, the display will return to the aircraft present position dis- play.

8.To view the AIRMET LEGEND, move the joystick to display the LEGEND Softkey. Press the LEGEND Softkey and the legend will be dis- played as in Figure 2-38. Press the CLEAR Softkey to remove the legend from the display.

Figure 2-36

Figure 2-37

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

3

2

1

7

8

9

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Graphical Weather Products, Textual Weather Products and Stormscope??.

Rotary Knob - Turning the Rotary Knob cycles through the graphical NEXRAD, METAR, AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Alert Weather Watches and FIS Network Status Pages.

Joystick - Moving the Joystick allows panning of the map and placement of the pointer over the desired weather activity to be viewed.

RNG??? /RNG??? - Displays ZOOMING TO ### nm and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the outer range ring the displayed range and the inner range ring is half the displayed range.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Normal Operation

4.Press the RNG??? /RNG??? keys to zoom in or out on the pointer position.

5.Press the MORE INFO Softkey to display the Text SIGMET Page for the dis- played location as in Figure 2-

6.Press the RETURN TO MAP Softkey to return to the previous display.

7.Press the RESET STICK

Softkey to return to the present position display. If no actions are taken for a period of 30 sec- onds, the display will return to the aircraft present position dis- play.

8.To view the SIGMET LEGEND, move the joystick to display the LEGEND Softkey. Press the LEGEND Softkey and the legend will be displayed as in Figure 2-42. Press the CLEAR Softkey to remove the legend from the display.

Figure 2-40

Figure 2-41

Figure 2-42

3

2

1

7

8

9

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Stormscope??, Graphical Weather Products and Textual Weather Products.

Rotary Knob - Turning the Rotary Knob cycles through the graphical NEXRAD, METAR, AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Alert Weather Watches and FIS Network Status Pages.

Joystick - Moving the Joystick allows panning of the map and placement of the pointer over the desired weather activity to be viewed.

RNG???/RNG??? - Displays ZOOMING TO ### nm and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the outer range ring the displayed range and the inner range ring is half the displayed range.

4.Press the RNG??? /RNG??? keys to zoom in or out on the pointer position.

5.Press the MORE INFO Softkey to display the Text Convective SIGMET Page for the displayed location as in Figure 2-45.

6.Press the RETURN TO MAP Softkey to return to the previous display.

7.Press the RESET STICK

Softkey to return to the present position display. If no actions are taken for a period of 30 seconds, the display will return to the aircraft present position display.

8.To view the CONV SIGMET LEGEND, move the joystick to display the LEGEND Softkey. Press the LEGEND Softkey and the legend will be displayed as in Figure 2-46. Press the CLEAR Softkey to remove the legend from the display.

Figure 2-44

Figure 2-45

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

7

3

1

1 Display Range - RNG:####.

2Function Status Icons - Displays icons representing data available and displayed.

3Weather Watch Boundary - Color coded line indicates the boundaries and type of Weather Watch.

4 North Pointer

5Aircraft Symbol - Indicates present position. Stylized airplane when heading/track input is present, a plus symbol with no heading/track.

6 Range Rings - Outer ring radius is selected range, inner ring radius is one half the selected range.

7 RESET STICK Soft Label - Displayed when the Joystick is moved.

8MORE INFO Soft Label - Displayed when the Joystick Pointer is positioned over a boundary line. Pressing this Softkey will display more information.

9 LEGEND Soft Label - Displayed when the Joystick is moved.

10Boundary Color Key - Colors indicating type of weather phenomenon.

11Rotary Knob Active - When displayed on the graphical weather products pages, rotating the knob will cycle through the products.

12Current Selection - Displays the name of the weather product currently being viewed.

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Graphical Weather Products, Textual Weather Products and Stormscope??.

Rotary Knob - Turning the Rotary Knob cycles through the graphical NEXRAD, METAR, AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Alert Weather Watches and FIS Network Status Pages.

Joystick - Moving the Joystick allows panning of the map and placement of the pointer over the desired weather activity to be viewed.

RNG???/RNG??? - Displays ZOOMING TO ### nm and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the outer range ring the displayed range and the inner range ring is half the displayed range.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Normal Operation

4.Press the RNG??? /RNG??? keys to zoom in or out on the pointer position.

5.Press the MORE INFO Softkey to display the Text Weather Watch Page for the displayed location as in Figure 2-49.

6.Press the RETURN TO MAP Softkey to return to the previous display.

7.Press the RESET STICK

Softkey to return to the present position display. If no actions are taken for a period of 30 seconds, the display will return to the aircraft present position display.

8.To view the Wx WATCH (AWW) LEGEND, move the joystick to display the LEGEND Softkey. Press the LEGEND Softkey and the legend will be displayed as in Figure 2-50. Press the CLEAR Softkey to remove the legend from the display.

Figure 2-48

Figure 2-49

Figure 2-50

FIS Operation

Section 2

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Graphical Weather Products, Textual Weather Products and Stormscope??.

Rotary Knob - Turning the Rotary Knob cycles through the graphical NEXRAD, METAR, AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Alert Weather Watches and FIS Network Status Pages.

Joystick - Moving the Joystick allows panning of the map and placement of the pointer over the desired weather activity to be viewed.

RNG???/RNG??? - Displays ZOOMING TO ### nm and advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the outer range ring the displayed range and the inner range ring is half the displayed range.

FIS Operation

Section 2

The following illustration describes the FIS Textual Products display. The only difference between VDL and XM is the FIS function status icon.

11

2 12

13

1

14

1Report Range - RNG:####. Pressing the RNG???/RNG??? Key will change the distance radius from the selected FILTER AREA in which available reports will be listed. In this case all available METARs with a 50 mile radius of KJHW will be listed in the AVAILABLE METARS field.

2Function Status Icons - Displays icons representing data available (black) and displayed (color).

3 Selected Report Info - Displays identifier, name, city and state of selected

report. This field is only displayed for METARs, TAFs and PIREPs when available.

4Available Reports - Shows available reports based on the selection in the FILTER AREA field. Special, urgent or amended reports are

highlighted in yellow. Horizontal movement of the joystick will move the cursor over the next report in the field. The presence of a scroll bar indicates more reports are available, but not displayed.

5Filter Area Selection - Pressing the CHANGE AREA Softkey cycles between Destination, Flightplan WPT, Nearest and User Defined.

6Knob Active - When displayed, the Rotary Knob can be used to select an identifier from the database or Flightplan. This is only available when

10Change Area Softlabel - Cycles the FILTER AREA field between Destination, Flightplan Waypoint (FPL WPT), Nearest and User Defined.

11Text Field - The encoded weather report is displayed in this field.

12CHOOSE PRODUCT Softlabel - Pressing this softkey will display the SELECT WX PRODUCT window. Use the Rotary Knob or Joystick to highlight the desired product and press SELECT.

13Current Selected - Indicates the currently selected weather product.

14Age of Report- Age of report based on UTC time minus time of report. The colored bar indicates percentage of age versus elapsed time before expiration. The bar will be green the first 50% then turn yellow.

Normal Operation

FIS TEXTUAL PRODUCTS OPERATIONAL CONTROLS

WX Function Select Key - Cycles through Graphical Weather Products, Textual Weather Products and Stormscope??.

MAP Softkey - Depending on which tex- tual product is currently being viewed, this softkey will be labeled for corresponding graphical product page. For example, if

viewing the textual METAR page this softkey will be labeled METAR MAP as shown here. If viewing the textual AIRMETs page this softkey will be labeled AIRMET MAP and so on.

NOTE: If no location description is provided in the textual AIRMET the AIRMET cannot be depicted graphically. These AIRMETs are denoted by displaying the AIRMET identifier in green within the textual AIRMET. Also, the AIRMET MAP Softkey will not be available.

CHANGE AREA Softkey - Pressing the

CHANGE AREA softkey will cycle through the four options available for the FILTER AREA field in the upper part of the display. Available selections are

Destination, Nearest, FPL WPT and User Defined. The closest avail- able weather reports for the selected FILTER AREA will be displayed in

the AVAILABLE reports field.

CHOOSE PRODUCT Softkey - Pressing the CHOOSE PRODUCT softkey will dis- play the SELECT WX PRODUCT window. Use the Rotary Knob or Joystick to highlight the desired weather product.

Rotary Knob/Joystick - These may be used to high- light the desired weather product in the SELECT WX PRODUCT window. The Rotary Knob may also be used to scroll through flightplan waypoints and enter air- port identifiers.

SELECT Softkey - After highlighting the desired weather product in the SELECT WX PRODUCT window, pressing the SELECT Softkey will display the chosen weather product.

RNG???/RNG??? Keys - The KMD 250 displays all textual weather product reports available within a specified radius of the selection made in the FILTER AREA. This specified radius can be changed by pressing the RNG???/RNG??? Keys.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

USING THE FIS TEXT

PAGE

Press the WX Function Select Key until the FIS Textual Page is displayed as shown in Figure 2-53.

NOTE: If a notification such as that shown in Figure 2-54 is displayed, it may be that the system has not had time to acquire a signal. If this notifi- cation is still present after a few minutes, refer to the FIS NOTI- FICATIONS section of this sec- tion.

If no METAR is available in the selected area, a notification such as that shown in Figure 2- 55 will be displayed.

The example displayed in Figure 2-53 is a METAR report for KIXD, which was selected as a User Defined area.

Press the METAR MAP Softkey to display the graphical METAR for the KIXD as shown in Figure 2-56. Press the MORE INFO Softkey to return the textual report.

The METAR MAP Softkey will change depending on the selected weather product. In this case a METAR is being viewed so the label displays METAR MAP. If viewing an AIRMET, the label would show AIRMET MAP and so on. In short, pressing this softkey will display the graphical weather product for the appropriate tex- tual weather product selected.

NOTE: See Appendix B for a list of common weather abbre- viations.

Figure 2-53

Figure 2-54

Figure 2-55

Figure 2-56

Normal Operation

CHANGING WEATHER

PRODUCTS

1.Press the CHOOSE PRODUCT Softkey to display the SELECT WX PRODUCT window as shown in Figure 2-

2.Turn the Rotary Knob or move the Joystick up or down

to highlight the desired weather product.

3.Press the SELECT Softkey. If a Graphical Weather Product is selected, refer to that partic- ular Graphical Weather Products section for operation.

4.If desired, press the RNG???/RNG??? Keys to change the reporting radius for the selected FILTER AREA. The

default distance for METARs is 50nm and TAFs is 100nm. All others are 150nm. The user selected distance can be from 50 to 300nm.

Note that in Figure 2-58, METARs have been selected with the default RNG of 50nm. In this example all METAR reports within 50nm of the User Defined location of KJHW are listed in the AVAILABLE METARS field. The scroll bar indicates not all reports are dis-

played. Move the Joystick to the right to select the different reports.

In Figure 2-59 the RNG??? Key has been used to change the report RNG to 150nm. Note that more reports are now in the AVAILABLE METARS field due to selecting the larger 150nm radius.

The AVAILABLE METARS field (or TAFS, PIREPS, etc.) lists closest first, furthest last. For instance, the display shown in Figure 2-53 lists all available METARs within 50nm of KJHW (the selected FILTER AREA).

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

1. Press the CHANGE AREA Softkey to view either Nearest to present position, a User Defined location, the Destination (last waypoint in a flightplan) or FPLN WPT (any waypoint in an active flightplan). The softkey cycles through the FILTER AREAs as shown in Figure 2-60.

Normal Operation

Finding User Defined Areas by Identifier

If User Defined has been selected, as in Figure 2-62, use the following procedure to change the location.

1. Turn the Rotary Knob to dis- play the USER DEFINED AREA ENTRY window as shown in Figure 2-63. The identifier previously selected is displayed with the appropriate name and city. Note the first character in the IDENT field is highlighted. Turn the Rotary Knob to change this character.

2. Move the Joystick to the right to highlight the next char- acter as seen in Figure 2-64. Again, turn the Rotary Knob to change the character. Continue changing each char- acter in this manner until the desired identifier is entered.

3. After entering the desired the identifier, press the OK Softkey. The selected weather product will now be displayed for the new User Defined area.

Finding User Defined Areas by Name or City

When the identifier of the desired location is known, the method previously described

can be used to select it. However, if the identifier is not known, the name of the location can be entered. The system will also allow entry of just the first few characters of the location name to help find it in the data- base. If neither the identifier nor the location name is known, the city/state can be scanned.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Normal Operation

To Enter Location Name:

The following example shows entering MONTROSE REGL as a location.

1.Turn the Rotary Knob to dis- play the USER DEFINED AREA ENTRY window as shown in Figure 2-63.

2.Move the Joystick down to highlight the first character of the location name as shown in Figure 2-65.

3.Turn the Rotary Knob coun- terclockwise until an M is selected as shown in Figure 2-

4.Move the Joystick to the right to highlight the next char- acter as seen in Figure 2-67.

5.Turn Rotary Knob clockwise until an O is selected. Continue moving the cursor and entering characters until MONTROSE is displayed.

Figure 2-65

Figure 2-66

Figure 2-67

6.Press the KNOB SCAN Softkey and Figure 2-68 will be displayed.

7.Turn the Rotary Knob one click clockwise. The first occur- ance of names starting with Montrose in the database is now displayed as in Figure 2-

8.Turn the Rotary Knob to scan through the database until the desired name is displayed as in Figure 2-70.

9.Press the OK Softkey to view the selected weather product for MONTROSE REGL.

To Enter Location by City:

A location may be selected by first entering the city using the same method as entering the location name.

1.After entering the city, press the KNOB SCAN Softkey.

2.Turning the Rotary Knob will scan through the database dis- playing each entry for the city of Montrose.

3.Press the OK Softkey when the desired location is dis- played.

Figure 2-68

Figure 2-69

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Normal Operation

To Scan for Location Name:

Sometimes, only a portion of the airport name may come to mind. The following example shows scanning for EAGLE GROVE MUN when EAGLE is the only portion of the name remembered.

1.If necessary press the

CHANGE AREA Softkey to select User Defined in the

FILTER AREA.

2.Turn the Rotary Knob to dis- play the USER DEFINED AREA ENTRY window as shown in Figure 2-71.

3.Move the Joystick down to highlight the first the character of the location name as shown in Figure 2-72.

4.Turn the Rotary Knob coun- terclockwise until an E is selected as shown in Figure 2-

Figure 2-71

Figure 2-72

Figure 2-73

5.Move the Joystick to the right to highlight the next char- acter space as seen in Figure 2-74.

6.Turn Rotary Knob clockwise until an A is selected as in Figure 2-75. Continue moving the cursor and entering charac- ters until EAGLE is displayed.

7.Press the KNOB SCAN Softkey and Figure 2-76 will be displayed.

8.Turn the Rotary Knob to sequence through all the loca- tion names in the database beginning with EAGLE. stop- ping at the desired name as in Figure 2-77.

9.Press the OK Softkey to select EAGLE GROVE MUN as the User Defined area.

NOTE: This same method may be used with the name of the city where the airport is located.

This method is also used to choose the desired airport among those of identical names, but located in different cities.

Figure 2-74

Figure 2-75

2 Section

Operation FIS

If no valid graphical product data is received (in this case NEXRAD) a notification such as that shown in Figure 2-78 will be displayed.

This notification usually means that the system is not in FIS VDL coverage or there is no subscription set up for the Value Added Product selected. For XM WX, the notification usually means that the XM WX signal strength is poor.

The notification can also occur while in coverage if not all of the data for a weather product has been received.

NO METARS AVAIL-

ABLE IN SELECTED

AREA

A notification such as that shown in Figure 2-79 will be displayed if no METARs are available in the selected area.

Figure 2-78

Figure 2-79

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

FIS Notifications

NO METARS AVAILABLE, DATA NOT RECEIVED

This notification will be dis- played (Figure 2-80) if no METAR data has been received.

This notification means the FIS system has not received any METAR data. This may be due to not being in FIS cov- erage or to poor signal strength.

Figure 2-80

INVALID SUBSCRIPTION CODE. PLEASE CHECK AND

RE-ENTER CODE (VDL ONLY)

This notification will be dis- played (Figure 2-81) if an invalid Subscription Code is entered. This may be due to an error entering the Subscription Code. Also, it may be due to a Subscription Code being entered that is associated with a different Display ID.

Figure 2-81

Understanding Weather Reports

UNDERSTANDING TEXTUAL AVIATION

WEATHER REPORTS

UNDERSTANDING METARS

Refer to the numbers on the following diagram to find the appropriate descriptions.

METARKPIT201955ZAUTO22015G25KT3/4SM R28R/2600FTTSRAOVC010CB 18/16A2992RMK SLPO13 T01760158 PK WND 22030/15

1.Type of Report: METAR (SPECI will be seen here if this is a Special Weather Report)

2.ICAO Station Identifier: KPIT

This is the location for which the METAR pertains.

3.Date and Time of Issue: 201955Z

The 20th day of the month at 1955Zulu or UTC.

4.AUTO indicates the reporting station is an automated station. If the reporting station is a manned station this element will be omitted. Also, if a report from an automated station is modified by a person this element will be omitted. ???COR??? indicates a corrected report.

5.Wind: 22015G25KT

220 is the 3 digit true direction to the nearest 10??. Airport advisory service, ATIS and ATC towers report wind direction as magnetic. ???VRB??? in this place indicates variable winds less than or equal to 6 knots. If wind direction is varying more than 60?? with speeds over 6 knots, an entry similar to ???180V260??? will be displayed in this place. This example actually shows wind direction varying by 80??.

15 is the 2 or 3 digit wind speed (in knots).

25 is the 2 or 3 digit wind gust speed in knots (KT) because it follows a G (Gust).

6.Visibility: 3/4SM R28R/2600FT

3/4 indicates 3/4 statute mile (SM) visibility.

Runway Visual Range (RVR) for R28R (runway 28 right) is 2600 feet (2600FT). An ???M??? in this distance number indicates visibility is less than the lowest reportable sensor value. A ???P??? indicates visibility is greater than the highest reportable sensor value.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Understanding Weather Reports

NOTE: Only reported at those locations with certified RVR reporting capability.

7. Significant Present Weather: TSRA

TS is a two letter designation for thunderstorm. Other possible des- ignations could be as follows:

The second two letter designator, RA, indicates moderate rain. Moderate is indicated by the absence of a ???+???, ???-??? or ???VC??? preceding the designation. These preceding designations represent the fol- lowing:

+Heavy

-Light

VC In the vicinity

Other possible designations could be as follows:

Understanding Weather Reports

8. Sky Condition: OVC010CB

OVC indicates the sky is overcast. Cloud cover is based on the sky being divided into eighths or octas. Overcast means the sky is 8 octas covered. The cloud cover designators are as follows:

SKC Sky Clear

CLR Clear below 12,000 ft. (automated observing systems) FEW 1-2 Octas

SCT 3-4 Octas

BKN 5-7 Octas OVC 8 octas

???VV??? may also be encountered here indicating an indefinite ceiling. For example, VV004 would indicate a vertical visibility of 400 feet.

010 indicates clouds are at 1000 feet.

CB denotes cloud type is cumulonimbus. ???TCU??? is another possible designator meaning towering cumulus. CI is cirrus.

9.Temperature/Dew Point: 18/16

18 indicated the temperature is 18?? Celsius. An ???M??? preceding the temperature means the temperature is below 0?? Celsius.

16 indicated the dew point is 16?? Celsius. An ???M??? preceding the dew point means the dew point is below 0?? Celsius.

10. Altimeter Setting: A2992

A indicates the setting is in inches of mercury.

2992 is the altimeter setting. The first two digits are inches and the second two are hundredths.

11.Remarks: RMK SLP013 T01760158 PK WND 22030/15

RMK designates the beginning of the remarks. Remarks can con- tain anything, but often include the following:

SLP indicates sea level pressure in millibars from selected stations.

013 indicates pressure is 1001.3 millibars.

T01760158. Selected stations may also include a 9 place code indi- cating temperature and dewpoint to the nearest 1/10 degree. T denotes temperature. 0 indicates temperature is above 0?? Celsius. A ???1??? in this position indicates a temperature below 0?? Celsius. 176 indicates a temperature of 17.6?? Celsius. The next 0 indicates the dew point is above 0?? Celsius. A ???1??? in this position indicates a dew point below 0?? Celsius. 158 indicates a dewpoint of 15.8?? Celsius.

PK WND 22030/15. Selected stations may include peak wind observations which will appear in the remarks element.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

UNDERSTANDING TAFS

Refer to the numbers on the following diagram to find the appropriate descriptions.

TAF KPIT091730Z09181822020KT3SM-SHRABKN020

FM2030 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 WS015/30045KT20 19 TEMPO 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB

FM0100 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 PROB40 040721

00000KT 1SM -RA BR

10

9FM100022010KT5SM-SHRAOVC020BECMG 131520010KT

P6SMNSWSKC

Understanding Weather Reports

7.Forecast Weather Phenomenon: -SHRA

See #7 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details.

8.Sky Conditions: BKN020

See #8 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details.

9.Beginning of Changed Forecast Conditions: FM1000

FM denotes ???from??? and 1000 indicates 1000Z. ???From??? means a sig- nificant change in prevailing conditions is expected. The described conditions follow this element and supercede all previous forecast conditions.

10.Forecast Wind: 22010KT

See #5 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details.

11.Forecast Visibility: 5SM

See #6 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details.

12.Forecast Weather Phenomenon: -SHRA

See #7 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details.

13.Forecast Sky Conditions: OVC020

See #8 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details.

14.Change in Conditions: BECMG 1315

BECMG indicates ???becoming??? over the time interval between 1300Z (13) and 1500Z (15). ???Becoming??? describes a gradual change in forecast conditions. The described conditions follow this element and supercede previously reported like elements.

15.Wind Becoming: 20010KT

See #5 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details. This element may be omitted if no change is expected.

16.Visibility Becoming: P6SM

See #6 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details. This element may be omitted if no change is expected.

17.Weather Phenomenon Becoming: NSW

NSW indicates ???No Significant Weather???. See #7 in the UNDER- STANDING METARs section for details.

18.Sky Conditions Becoming: SKC

See #8 in the UNDERSTANDING METARs section for details. This element may be omitted if no change is expected.

19.Change in Conditions: TEMPO 2022

TEMPO indicates ???temporary??? changes expected as described between 2000Z (20)and 2200Z (22). ???Temporary??? indicates a tem- porary fluctuation in conditions, usually lasting less than one hour.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Understanding Weather Reports

The described conditions follow this element.

20.Low Level Windshear: WS015/30045KT

WS indicates ???windshear??? not associated with convective activity. 015 indicates the windshear is expected at 1500 feet. AGL Wind is expected from 300?? (300) at 45 knots (45KT).

21.Change in Conditions: PROB40 0407

PROB40 indicates a 40% ???probability??? of described conditions occur- ring between 0400Z (04)and 0700Z (07). The described conditions follow this element.

UNDERSTANDING PIREPS

The following is an example of a typical PIREP with an explanation of the elements.

KCRWUA/OV KBKW 360015-KCRW/TM 1815/FL120/TP BE99/SK IMC/ WX RA/TA M08/WV 290030/TB LGT-MDT/IC LGT RIME/RM MDT MXD ICG DURGC KROA NWBND FL080-100 1750Z

1.Station Identifier: KCRW

This is the station identifier of the nearest weather reporting location to the reported conditions.

2.Report Type: UA

Reports will be routine (UA) or urgent (UUA).

3.Location: OV KBKW 360015-KCRW

OV indicates the report is in relation to a VOR. KBKW is the VOR identifier, in this case Beckley VOR. 360015-KCRW indicates posi- tion as related to the VOR. In this case, 15 miles out on the 360 degree radial. KCRW indicates this is a leg to the Charleston, West Virginia VOR.

The next series of elements contain data that is read much like that in METARs and TAFs. Each element starts with a 2-letter designator which denotes the type of data with that element. The following defines the element designators:

/TM: Time as Coordinated Universal Time

/FL: Altitude as Flight Level

/TP: Aircraft Type

/SK: Sky Cover (may include cloud height and coverage)

Understanding Weather Reports

/WX: Weather Phenomenon (can include flight visibility, precipitation and restrictions to visibility.

/TA: Outside air temperature at altitude in degrees Celsius.

/WV: Wind (direction in degrees magnetic north and speed in knots)

/TB: Turbulence (refer to the Airman???s Information Manual) CAT - Clear Air Turbulence

CHOP - Choppy Turbulence OCNL - Occasional

NEG - No Turbulence ABV - Above

BLO - Below

LGT - Light - Momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude.

MOD - Moderate - Greater intensity changes in altitude and/or attitude, but aircraft remains in positive control at all times. Usually causes changes in indicated airspeed.

SEV - Severe - Causes large and abrupt changes to aircraft altitude and/or attitude. Large variations in indicated airspeed and momentary loss of control.

EXTRM - Extreme - Aircraft is violently tossed about and is nearly impossible to control. May cause structural damage.

/IC: Icing (refer to the Airman???s Information Manual) CLR - Clear

MX - Mixed (combination of rime and clear icing) NEG - No Icing

ABV - Above

BLO - Below

Trace - Ice becomes perceptible. Rate of evaporation is almost equal to the rate of accumulation. Deicing/anti-icing equipment is not utilized unless encountered for a period of time greater than 1 hour.

LGT - Light - Rate of accumulation may be a problem if flight is prolonged for longer than 1 hour without deicing/anti-icing equipment. Deicing/anti-icing removes and/or prevents accu- mulation.

MOD - Moderate - The rate of accumulation is such that even short encounters become potentially hazardous. Use of deicing/anti-icing equipment or diversion is necessary.

SEV - Severe - Flight diversion is necessary. Deicing/anti- icing equipment is not effective.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

UNDERSTANDING AIRMETS

The following is an example of a typical AIRMET with an explanation of the elements.

1 2 3 4

CHITWA151900AMD

5 AIRMET TANGO UPDT 2 FOR TURB

6 VALID UNTIL 160100

7AIRMET TURB...KS MO

8FROM MCI TO STL TO SGF TO ICT TO MCI

9MOD TURB BLW 100 EXPCD

10CONDS IPVG AFT 160000Z

1.Forecast Area: CHIT

This is the forecast area identifier of the issuing Weather Service Forecast Office.

BOS Boston CHI Chicago

DFW Dallas/Ft. Worth MIA Miami

SFO San Francisco SLC Salt Lake City

The T denotes the reason for the AIRMET. This could be one of the following:

AIRMET items are considered widespread. Widespread is consid- ered an area ??? 3,000 square miles.

Understanding Weather Reports

2.Report Type: WA

WA identifies an AIRMET.

3.Date and Time Issued: 151900

15 indicates the 15th day of the month. 1900 indicates UTC.

NOTE: AIRMETs may be issued up to 15 minutes prior to the start of the validity period. The FIS system will display the data age as zero until the start of the validity period.

4.AMD indicates an amended report. Reports can be amended due to changing weather conditions or issuance/cancelation of a SIGMET. COR in this field would indicate a corrected AIRMET. RTD indicates a delayed AIRMET.

5.This line indicates that there is a second (2) update (UPDT) to this AIRMET issued for turbulence (FOR TURB). More than one meteo- rological condition may be addressed as shown in the following:

FOR IFR AND MTN (mountain) OBSCN (obscuration)

FOR ICE AND FRZLVL (freezing level)

FOR STG (strong) SFC (surface) WINDS AND LLWS (low

level wind shear)

6.This updated AIRMET is valid until 0100 UTC on the 16th day (16) of the month. An AIRMET does not contain an explicit validity start time.

7.This AIRMET forecasts turbulence (TURB) for the states of KS (Kansas) and MO (Missouri). Geographic areas are also covered such as CSTL WTRS (coastal waters). Other geographic abbrevia- tions are used as well (see Appendix A).

8.The affected area is defined by lines FROM MCI (Kansas City) TO STL (St. Louis) TO SGF (Springfield) TO ICT (Wichita) and back TO MCI. Areas can be defined by lines between points which are air- port or navaid identifiers.

9.Moderate (MOD) turbulence (TURB) below (BLW) 10,000 feet expected (EXPCD).

10.Conditions (CONDS) improving (IPVG) after (AFT) the 16th day (16) of the month 0000 UTC.

If conditions end more than one hour prior to the indicated expiration time, an amended AIRMET will be issued stating it???s cancellation. If con- ditions end within one hour of the indicated expiration time, the AIRMET will be allowed to expire without cancellation. Once the report is can- celled or expires, the FIS system no longer broadcasts the report.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Understanding Weather Reports

UNDERSTANDING SIGMETS

The following is an example of a typical SIGMET issued for turbulence with an explanation of the elements.

1 2 3

CHIRUWS041430

4 SIGMET ROMEO 1 VALID UNTIL 041830

5KY TN WV VA OH

6FROM CVG TO EKN TO PSK TO VXV TO CVG

OCNL SEV TURB BTN 300 AND 360. RPRTD BY AIRCRAFT.

7CONDS CONTG BYD 1830Z.

8SLM/GTB

1.Forecast Area: CHIR

This is the forecast area identifier of the issuing Weather Service Forecast Office.

BOS Boston CHI Chicago

DFW Dallas/Ft. Worth MIA Miami

SFO San Francisco SLC Salt Lake City

The R denotes report ROMEO. A new alphabetic designator is given each time a SIGMET is issued for a new weather phenom- enon. The order of issuance is as follows:

N NOVEMBER

O OSCAR

P PAPA

Q QUEBEC

R ROMEO

U UNIFORM

V VICTOR

W WHISKEY

X XRAY

Y YANKEE

SIGMETs are issued for:

Severe icing not associated with thunderstorms

Severe or extreme turbulence or clear air turbulence (CAT) Dust storms or sandstorms lowering visibilities to < 3 miles Volcanic ash

2.Report Type: UWS

Understanding Weather Reports

UWS indicates this is the first issuance of report ROMEO. Subsequent reports for ROMEO would display WS.

3.Date and Time Issued: 041430.

04 indicates the 4th day of the month. 1430 indicates UTC.

4.This line indicates that SIGMET ROMEO 1 is VALID UNTIL the 4th day (04) of the month at 1830 UTC.

Each subsequent report issued for this same weather phenomenon designated ROMEO would increment the number. For example, ROMEO 2, ROMEO 3 and so on.

5. Area of coverage by state or geographic area. In addition to state abbreviations, other area abbreviations may be seen here, such as, TX CSTL WTRS (Texas Coastal Waters).

6. Location of weather phenomenon. Three letter designators for navaids or airports are used to describe boundaries of coverage. If the weather phenomenon extends across multiple forecast areas, the location is described as if no boundaries exist.

7. Details of weather phenomenon. The example is typical of a syn- opsis for turbulence:

OCNL (occasional) SEV (severe) TURB (turbulence) BTN (between) 300 (30,000 feet) AND 360 (36,000 feet). RPRTD (reported) BY AIRCRAFT. CONDS (conditions) CONTG (contin- uing) BYD (beyond 1830Z.

More typical examples of descriptors used in other SIGMET weather phenomenon are as follows:

MOD (moderate) TO

STG (strong) UDDFS (updrafts and downdrafts) UPDFTS (updrafts)

DWNDFTS (downdrafts)

INVOF (in vicinity of) MTNS (mountains) BLO (below) 360

BTWN (between) FRZLVL (freezing level) AND 360 ABV (above) 360

RPRTD (reported) BY ACFT (aircraft) IN VCNTY (vicinity) RPRTD BY SVRL (several) ACFT

8. Issuers initials.

If conditions end more than one half hour prior to the indicated expiration time, and the report does not state that conditions will continue, a cancel- lation will be issued with CNCL SIGMET as the report designator. If con- ditions are expected to continue, a new SIGMET will be issued. If condi- tions end within one half hour of the indicated expiration time, the SIGMET will be allowed to expire without cancellation. Once the report is cancelled or expires, the FIS system no longer broadcasts the report.

2 Section

Operation FIS

FIS Operation

Section 2

Understanding Weather Reports

UNDERSTANDING CONVECTIVE SIGMETS

The following is an example of a typical Convective SIGMET with an explanation of the elements.

1 2 3

MKCCWST221855

4 CONVECTIVE SIGMET 20C

5 VALID UNTIL 2055Z

6ND SD

7FROM 60W MOT-GFK-ABR-90W MOT

INTSFYG AREA SVR TSTMS MOVG FROM 2445. TOPS ABV FL450.

8WIND GUSTS TO 60KT RPRTD. TORNADOES???HAIL TO 2 IN???WIND

GUSTS TO 65KT PSBL ND PTN.

1.Station Identifier: MKCC

MKC is the station identifier of the Aviation Weather Center (AWC) in Kansas City.

The C denotes the report is for the Central portion of the continental United States. The choices are as follows:

C Central E East W West

Convective SIGMETs are issued for:

Severe weather including: (a)Surface winds ??? 50 knots,

(b) Surface hail ??? 3/4 inch in diameter or (c) Tornadoes

Embedded thunderstorms (obscured by haze or other phenomena)

Line of thunderstorms

Thunderstorms ??? VIP level 4 affecting ??? 40% of an area ??? 3000 sq. mi.

2.Report Type: WST

WST indicates this is a convective SIGMET.

3.Date and Time Issued: 221855.

22 indicates the 22nd day of the month. 1855 indicates UTC.

4.This line is the identifying number of the Convective SIGMET. Numbering begins daily at 0000 UTC. The C denotes the Central portion of the country.

Understanding Weather Reports

5.This line indicates that CONVECTIVE SIGMET 20C is VALID UNTIL 2055Z time. Expiration time is two hours after issuance, but Convective SIGMETs are issued hourly and replace the previous hour???s product.

Each subsequent report issued for this same weather phenomenon would increment the number. For example, 21C, 22C and so on.

6. Area of coverage by state ND (North Dakota) and SD (South Dakota) or geographic area. In addition to state abbreviations, other area abbreviations may be seen here, such as FL CSTL WTRS (Florida Coastal Waters).

7. Location of weather phenomenon (may be an area, single cell or line). Three letter designators for navaids or airports are used to describe boundaries of coverage.

The starting and ending point are identical for an area of thunder- storms, like this: FROM 90W MOT-GFK-ABR-90W MOT (from 90 nm west of Minot, ND to Grand Forks, ND to Aberdeen, SD to 90 nm west of Minot, ND).

A Single Cell thunderstorm 35 nm west of Kansas City would look like this: 35WMKC

A Line of severe thunderstorms would look like this: FROM 90SE SGF-70NE TXK-50NE LFK (from 90 nm southeast of Springfield, MO to 70 nm northeast of Texarkana, AR to 50 nm northeast of Lufkin, TX).

8. Details of weather phenomenon. Convective SIGMET details are mostly in plain language with some abbreviations. This example is typical for an area of severe thunderstorms:

INTSFYG (intensifying) AREA (of) SVR TSTMS (severe thunder- storms) MOVG (moving) FROM 2445 (240 degrees at 45 knots). Storm TOPS ABV (above) FL450 (flight level 4-5-0). WIND GUSTS TO 60KT (knots) RPRTD (reported). TORNADOES???HAIL TO 2 IN

(inches in diameter)???WIND GUSTS TO 65 KT (knots) PSBL (pos- sible) in the ND PTN (North Dakota portion).

For a single cell thunderstorm:

ISOLD (isolated) SVR TSTM (severe thunderstorm) D30 (30 nm in diameter) MOVG (moving) FROM 2520 (250 degrees at 20 knots). Storm TOPS ABV (above) FL450 (flight level 4-5-0). HAIL TO 2 IN (inches in diameter) WIND GUSTS TO 65 KT (knots) PSBL (pos- sible).

For a line of thunderstorms 25 nm wide:

LINE (line of) SVR TSTMS (severe thunderstorms) 25 MI WIDE MOVG (moving) FROM 2745 (270 degrees at 45 knots). Storm

2 Section

Operation FIS

2

1 2 3

SPCAWW162236

5

FIS Operation

Section

4 WW 1162SEVERE TSTM MS AL FL AND ADJ CSTL WTRS

6 162300Z - 170400Z

AXIS..75 STATUTE MILES NORTH AND SOUTH OF LINE..

7

45SW MOB/MOBILE AL/ - 30SSE DHN/DOTHAN AL/

8..AVIATION COORDS.. 65NM N/S /37SW MOB - 51WNW TLH/

9HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT..1 1/4 INCHES. WIND GUSTS..60 KNOTS. MAX TOPS TO 400. MEAN WIND VECTOR 23035.

1.Station Identifier: SPC

SPC is the station identifier for the Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma.

AWWs are issued for:

Tornado

Damaging winds or winds > 58 knots

Hail ??? 3/4 inch in diameter.

2.Report Type: AWW

AWW indicates this is an Alert Weather Watch.

3.Date and Time Issued: 162236.

16 indicates the 16th day of the month. 2236 indicates UTC.

4.WW 1162 is the identifying number of the Alert Weather Watch. Numbering begins yearly at 0000.

5.This line indicates the type of weather and the affected areas. SEVERE TSTM (severe thunderstorm) for MS (Mississippi) AL (Alabama) FL (Florida) AND ADJ CSTL WTRS (adjacent coastal waters).

6.This line indicates that the watch is valid from 162300Z - 170400Z

Understanding Weather Reports

(the 16th at 2300 Zulu to the 17th at 0400 Zulu).

7. Coordinates of the watch box area. Draw a line 75 STATUTE MILES NORTH AND SOUTH OF A LINE.. The endpoints of the line are 45SSW MOB/MOBILE AL/-30SSE DHN/DOTHAN AL/ (45 miles south-southwest of Mobile, Alabama and 30 miles south- southeast of Dothan, Alabama). Connect the lines to form the box. Sometimes it might be defined as EAST AND WEST OF A LINE.. or

EITHER SIDE OF A LINE..

8. Aviation coordinates of the watch box area. Draw a line 65NM N/S / (65 nautical miles north and south) of a line). The endpoints of the line are 37SW MOB - 51WNW TLH/ (37 nautical miles southwest of Mobile, Alabama and 51 nautical miles west-northwest of Tallahassee, Florida). Connect the lines to form the box.

9. Details of the forecast weather. AWW details are mostly in plain lan- guage with some abbreviations. This is an example of a typical product.

HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT..1 1/4 INCHES (hail diameter poten- tial of one and one quarter inches) WIND GUSTS..60 KNOTS (wind gust potential of 60 knots) MAX TOPS TO 400 (maximum tops of the storms is 40,000 feet). MEAN WIND VECTOR 23035 (motion of storm is 230 degrees at 35 knots).

2 Section

Operation FIS

The Traffic Function of the Bendix/King KMD 250 Multi Function Display allows for the display and control of one of several models of traffic avoidance systems. Some examples are TCAS I (Traffic Collision Avoidance System), TCAS II, TAS (Traffic Avoidance System) and TIS (Traffic Information Service).

This section describes the operation of the KMD 250 display for control- ling the display of traffic. For detailed information on the proper use and interpretation of the displayed traffic data when using TCAS I, TCAS II and TAS systems, please reference the pilot???s guide that is provided with the traffic avoidance system.

An active traffic avoidance system (TCAS I, TCAS II or TAS) is used for detecting and tracking aircraft near your own aircraft. Aircraft detected, tracked, and displayed are referred to as Intruders. Intruders are shown as symbols on the traffic display. The system identifies the relative threat of each Intruder by using various symbols and colors. The intruder???s altitude, relative to your own aircraft???s altitude, is annunciated if the Intruder is reporting altitude. A trend arrow is used to indicate if the Intruder is climbing or descending more than 500 feet per minute.

The passive Traffic Information Service (TIS) is a data link service that provides information similar to VFR radar traffic advisories normally received over voice radio. The data is received from the terminal Mode S radar system through a TIS capable Mode S transponder to the KMD display once per radar scan (approximately every 5 seconds).

TIS provides the relative position, relative altitude, altitude trend, and estimated ground track angle for as many as 8 intruders that are within 7 NM horizontally and +3,500/-3000 feet vertically of the aircraft receiving TIS. Only aircraft with operating transponders that are within the surveil- lance volume of a TIS Mode S radar are visible to TIS. Terminal Mode S radars equipped with TIS provide the service to 55 NM (or possibly greater) of the radar location, and as low as the "line of site" limitation inherent to radar surveillance.

ATC procedures and the ???see and avoid concept??? will continue to be the primary means of ensuring aircraft separation. However, if communica- tion is lost with ATC, TCAS/TAS/TIS adds a significant backup for colli- sion avoidance.

3

2

1

8

9

Traffic Avoidance

TAS/TCAS

OPERATIONAL CONTROLS FOR TAS/TCAS

ALTITUDE VOLUME - Toggles between altitude volume views of NORMAL,

ABOVE, BELOW or UNRESTRICTED.

This key may be enabled or disabled in system configuration.

FLIGHT LEVEL - Pressing the MENU Key will display the FLIGHT LEVEL Softkey. Pressing this key toggles the alti- tude tag between relative or absolute alti-

tude as shown in Figures 3-1 and 3-2. When absolute altitude is displayed, the Flight Level will also be displayed in the upper left of the screen. Operation in the absolute mode is limited to 15 seconds.

This feature may be enabled or disabled in system configuration. See note below.

NOTE: If FLIGHT LEVEL or ALTITUDE VOLUME Soft Keys or the

Rotary Knob are not active, these controls will be found on the separate TAS/TCAS controller.

AUTO-POP-UP - Toggles between ENABLE POP-UP and

DISABLE POP-UP. When enabled the Traffic Display will automatically be displayed in a Traffic Alert situation. In some situations, like high traffic areas or flying in formation, this fre- quent display changing could be a nui- sance. Disabling the pop-up may desir-

able in these circumstances. This key may be enabled or disabled in system configuration.

RNG???/RNG??? - Advances the indicator to the next range. The upper button increases range, the lower button decreases it. The selected range is displayed in the lower left corner of the display with the inner range ring always 2 nm. The RNG button labels will not be displayed when their respective range limits are reached.

Rotary Knob - Selects between Test (TST), Standby (SBY) and On mode of operation. This control may be enabled or disabled in system configuration. If the KMD 250 is used with a TCAS II or L-3 SkywatchTM system, this control will not be available.

TAS/TCAS SYMBOLOGY

NON-THREAT TRAFFIC

An open white diamond indicates that an intruder is not yet considered a threat. For specifics on relative distance and altitude that defines this symbol, please refer to the pilot???s

guide that is provided with the traffic avoidance system. This one is 200 feet above your own altitude, climbing at 500 feet per minute or greater.

PROXIMITY INTRUDER TRAFFIC

A filled white diamond indicates that the intruding aircraft has reached the next proximity threshold defined by the traffic avoidance system, but is still not considered a threat. For specifics on relative distance and altitude that defines this symbol, please refer to the pilot???s guide that is provided with the traffic avoidance system.This intruder is now 400 feet below your aircraft and climbing at

500 feet per minute or greater.