Boss_Audio_Systems_Car_Stereo_System

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Abstract

The CCR612 is a computer controlled car radio system based on a P83CE528 micro controller. It controls a high-end AM/FM car radio with RD(B)S, EON and various I2C controlled peripherals. It can be interfaced to a SCC600 CD-changer

The system contains functions such as PLL tuning, IF control, stereo decoding, RDS/RBDS+EON decoding, IAC, sound switching, sound fader control, LCD display, cassette interface, external audio input jack and a detachable front. An interface to control a CD-changer is also provided.

Radio control and RDS/RBDS+EON processing are combined in a single microcontroller.

"The purchase of Philips' complete set of Integrated Circuits as specified in this User Manual for manufacture of a radio system conforming the relevant specification as herein given, secures immunity from suit on unauthorized use of those Philips' patent rights, which specifically relate to automatic broadcast station storage (AST) and/or radio data system (RDS) features."

Purchase of Philips I2C components conveys a license under the I2C patent to use the com- ponents in the I2C system, provided the system conforms to the I2C specifications defined by Philips.

?? Philips Electronics N.V. 1997

All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copy- right owner.

The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights.

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APPLICATION NOTE

User Manual of High-End

RDS/EON Car Radio System

CCR612 (V0.3)

AN96029

Author(s):

A.Demmers M. Verheijden

Product Concept & Application Laboratory Eindhoven,

The Netherlands

Keywords

Car Radio

RDS

RBDS

EON

CCR612

ICE (TEA6811 / TEA6822)

SOFAC (TEA6320, 6321, 6322 or 6323)

CD-changer

Number of pages: 94

Date: 1996-05-24

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Summary

CCR612 is a computer controlled car radio system based on a P83CE528 microcontroller. It controls a high-end AM/FM car radio with R(B)DS (Radio Broadcasting Data System), EON (Enhanced Other Network) and various I2C-bus controlled peripherals.

Radio control and RDS/RBDS+EON processing are combined in a single microcontroller.

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.1 Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.1.7.2Front Panel Part FP-1b (Detachable Front Version). . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.1.8 Diagram ICE module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.1.9 Diagram PACS Sub Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.1.10PCB LAY-OUTS of CCR612 sample Version D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4 CCR612S PINNING AND INTERFACING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.1 Pinning overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.2 Factory options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.2.1 Diode options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.2.2 Automatically detected options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.3 I2C bus addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.4 The keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.4.1 Fixed keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.4.2 Detachable keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.4.3 Keyboard options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.5Power stabilizer interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.6LCD display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.7 Non Volatile Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6.1 Switching on / off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6.2 Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6.2.1 Band switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6.2.2 Manual/search tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6.2.3 Frequency scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

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Change history of: User Manual of High-End RDS/EON Car Radio System CCR612S

Modifications with respect to the application note " User Manual of High-End RDS/EON Car Radio System CCR612S (Version 0.2)", report number AN95081.

1.Added use of more types of Sofac(TEA6320, TEA6321, TEA6322, TEA6323), adapted sound setting

2.Band selection diode 2 moved to other pin

3.Sleeptimer changed from 30 minutes to 1 hour

Modifications with respect to the application note " User Manual of High-End RDS/EON Car Radio System CCR610S (Version 0.1)", report number AN94065.

1.TEA6821 replaced by TEA6822.

2.Frequency counter resolution for FM changed from 5 kHz to 6.25 kHz.

3.Volume level during traffic announcements made adjustable by the user in the option programming menu.

4.PTY search algorithm changed.

5.Functionality of PTY icon changed.

6.Manual tuning algorithm changed.

7.For MW band only tuning on grid is possible.

8.Manual tuning grid for USA option changed from 50 kHz to 100 kHz.

9.Search tuning grid for USA option changed from 100 kHz to 200 kHz.

10.Pin 9 of the microcontroller (SECUR) not used any more (security functionality stays the same).

11.Input added for "Phone mute".

12.Checking on not initialized EEPROM and preprogramming them with default values (listed in appendix II) at radio switch on.

13.Polarity of pin EXSTAT changed.

14.Crystal frequency of microcontroller changed from 8.664 MHz to 12 MHz.

15.PTY code not longer stored in EEPROM.

16.When RDS regional mode is on, the radio is now also allowed to switch over to stations with the same PI-code but its regional code set to "Supra regional".

17.Display message during AST search changed from "AST SCAN" to "STORE".

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Change history of: Diagrams and performance of R(B)DS Car Radio CCR612 with Cassette Deck.

DIFFERENCES WITH PREVIOUS CCR612 (AN95070).

Mainboard part 1:

Two diodes were added to improve reset behaviour

In case a static on/off key is used, C144/C154/C151 must be 10??F i.s.o. 100nF.

Mainboard part 2:

Option diode D8 is removed. Option diode D2 is now connected to pin 21.

Option diode D4 and D6 are removed.

DIFFERENCES WITH PREVIOUS CCR612 (AN94067).

This note, Diagrams and Performance, valid for CCR612 radio sample (version D) controlled by CCR610S or CCR612S software (the latter, also for CDC-changer control), differs mainly from the previous one (Version 1.0) by the following modifications and corrections.

Modifications and Improvements.

General:

Component numbering CCR612 radio sample. Unlike previous note, the electricalcomponent numbers of the PCB boards (Fig. 13b and Fig. 13d) do match with the electrical diagrams (Fig.4, Fig.7 and Fig.9), which belong to the CCR612 radio sample (Version D).

Main Board part 1a, 1b and 1c (pages 14, 15 and 16).

-A CDC-changer interface circuit has been introduced, using an extra TDA8579T and intended for CDC-changer SCC600, controlled by CCR612S software.

-Switched battery voltage circuit improved. Which delivers for external use a battery voltage only when the radio is in the Power On mode for; supplying the illumination of the detachable front and delivering a switched plus voltage for the line-out, motor antenna and CDC-changer.

-A telephone mute circuit between Connector Block and Micro Controller pins (AUMUTE and OPTROW) has been introduced. For this feature the former security contact is used. In general this is not a problem because the trend to use a security contact is decreasing by the use of detachable fronts.

-For part 1c only, the bleep input is moved from the source selector (HEF4052B) input to the Audio Pre Amplifier (TDA6320T) input.

Main Board part 2a and 2b (Page 17 and Page 18 ).

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-Telephone mute circuit, between optrow (40) and Aumute (43) introduced.

-The use of one crystal (8.66 MHz) for both micro and RDS demodulator is not possible in this set. Because for improved RDS behaviour more 'speed' is needed which requires a crystal of 12 MHz for the micro and 8.66 MHz or 4.33 MHz for the RDS demodulator.

-For part 2b only, in the lines ON/OFF, DATA and SCL between detachable front and micro ESD protection circuits are introduced which consists of a few resistors, zener diode 5V6 (BZX79C) and 2 diodes (BAV99).

Key and Display panel SB1b (Page 21).

-Following a now a days trend the power switch, in the ON/OFF radio line,is moved to the detachable front. That means two extra contacts on both detachable front and radio are needed.

Diagram ICE Module (page 22).

-The diagram of the ICE module (Euro 1, standard) is modified, the "second" IC TEA6821 is replaced by the successor TEA6822.

Improvements of the TEA6822 with respect to the 6821: At AM.

-Sensitivity higher. Distortion and AM and AF output less fieldstrength dependent

At FM.

-Interference Absorbtion improved by double detection.

-Gain less temperature dependent

-AM to FM switching in less then 0.5 seconds

With respect to software control.

-Level ADC extended from 3 to 4 bits.

-Multipath sensitivity to be set.

-Level temperature coefficient to be chosen (1 bit) for CDSP applications.

-Counter pre-scaler setting added to reduce counter time.

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1 INTRODUCTION

CCR612 is a computer controlled high-end AM/FM car radio system with R(B)DS (Radio Broadcasting Data System), EON (Enhanced Other Network information) and I2C-bus controlled radio IC's. CCR612S is the controlling microprocessor. CD-changer control is also preformed by the CCR612S. It is based on the 8051 family microcontroller P83CE528 and takes care of all radio control functions as well as R(B)DS and EON decoding. With the following features:

Digital PLL tuning for FM, MW, LW and SW (49m) bands, (factory options: MW, LW and SW disable). Factory option for application in different parts of the world (e.g. USA / Europe) concerning the band limits and tuning grid.

Manual Tuning, Search Tuning and Local/Dx handling.

Frequency Scan (Continuous Search, pausing 6 seconds on every station). Automatic Store Tuning (AST).

Search for Traffic Programmes (TP) or specific Program Types (PTY).

Presets: 6 in each of the bands: FM1, FM2, FM-AST, MW, MW-AST, LW and SW (49m). R(B)DS functions:

Sound control: volume, bass, treble, balance, fader, loudness and mute via I2C-bus or potentiometers. Non Volatile Memory for last sound control settings, last band, last frequency for each band, Presets, PS names (RDS), AF lists (RDS), etc.

LCD display (I2C bus controlled) displaying:

-system status (band / frequency / preset number / modes).

-RDS Programme Service name (PS).

-RDS Programme Type (PTY).

-Sound control settings (Bass, Treble, Balance, Fader).

Power stabilizer control with diagnostic functions.

User control up to 27 keys with either a fixed keyboard, a keyboard on a detachable front or a combination of both.

User programmable options.

Cassette Interface including MTL, Dolby, AMS (Automatic Music Search) and Solenoid control. Input jack for external audio source.

Input for phone mute detection.

An interface for the SCC600 CD-changer.

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1.1De??nitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

NOTE: RBDS is an extension of the European RDS system. Every reference in this document to RDS is also valid for the RBDS system unless, otherwise specified.

1.2References

[1]Outline specification of High-End RDS/EON Car Radio System (CCR612S)

[2]Specification of the radio data system RDS for VHF/FM sound broadcasting,

[3]United States RBDS standard January 8, 1993

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2 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION

2.1Block diagram CCR612

Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the high-end computer controlled RDS car radio system CCR612. As can be seen in the block diagram, the system can either be equipped with a fixed keyboard or with a detachable keyboard. The detachable keyboard version of the system still allows some keys to be realised as fixed keyboard keys. Furthermore a choice exists with respect to the following system parts:

-Power amplifier ( 2 speaker / 4 speaker / output power)

-Sound control (Potentiometer control / I2C control)

This hardware description only describes the use of the sofac TEA6320.

2.1.1Main Board Part 1a (Basic AM/FM stereo Radio Part)

Page 81 shows the circuit diagram of the basic radio part, which consist of the following parts: ICE receiver module, audio pre-amplifier, power amplifier, power stabiliser, differential line receiver and PACS control board.

AM/FM - ICE module (TEA6811V,TEA6822T)

The AM/FM - ICE module is a sub-board ( see paragraph 2.1.8)which comprises a two IC package (RF IC TEA6811V and IF IC TEA6822T) and is designed especially for use in car radio's. The module contains the following functions;

AM receiver FM receiver

-FM stereo decoder

-Interference Absorption Circuit (or Noise Blanker)

-Station detector and weak signal control

PLL tuning Synthesizer

I2C-Bus control

The complete circuit diagram of the ICE Module (version euro 1) is shown on page 89. For a detailed description of functions and performance see Ref.4.

Audio Pre Amplifier (TEA6320)

I2C-Bus controlled audio pre-amplifier in SO package for car and home receivers, includes Source selector (for four stereo inputs and one mono input), Loudness characteristic, Volume control, Bass control, Treble control, Balance and Fader control.

Power Amplifier (TDA8561Q)

Car radio power amplifier with dynamic distortion detector and diagnostics in a 17 lead single in line (SIL) plastic power package. It contains 4 x 12W (2 ohm) and 4 x 7W (4 ohm) single-ended or 2 x 24W (4 ohm) bridge amplifiers.

Supply voltage Stabilizer (TDA3602)

Three output voltage regulator, in SIL 9 package, for use in car radios with a microprocessor. It contains two computer controlled voltage regulators with foldback current protection (Regulators 1 and 2) and one fixed voltage regulator (3) that also operates during load dump and thermal shutdown. This regulator is used to supply the microprocessor.

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Isolator ( Differential Line Receiver, TDA8579T)

Dual common-mode rejection differential line receiver with 0 dB gain and low distortion. This device is intended to be used to receive line inputs in audio applications that require a high level of common-mode rejection. The device is encapsulated in an 8-pin SO or DIL package. In this set the isolator is used between the external input and source selector input. Both the external input plug circuit and the CD-changer input circuit are equipped with an isolator.

PACS - Sub Board (TEA6850)

PACS controls the I.F. Selectivity / Bandwidth to avoid receiving problems due to near adjacent channels (especially for Europe, spacing of 100 kHz is not an exception). In order to show the improvements of the selectivity and dynamic behaviour of the radio by the use of PACS an ON/OFF switch has been used on the front panel.

A complete circuit diagram of the PACS board is shown on page 94 and for description of the functions, alignment and performance see Ref.5.

2.1.2Main Board Part 1b (Optional Power Ampli??er, 2 x TDA8561Q)

Page 82 shows the previous circuit diagram (paragraph 2.1.1 Basic AM/FM stereo Radio Part) equipped with circuits for 4 x 24W (4 ohm) audio output power.

Power Amplifier (2 x TDA8561Q)

Single circuit configuration 2 x 24W (4 ohm) bridge amplifiers, package SIL 17 pins Quil.

2.1.3Main Board Part 1c (Optional Source Sel. & Audio Contr.

HEF4052B/TDA1526)

Page 83 shows the circuit diagram from paragraph 2.1.1 (Basic AM/FM stereo Radio Part) equipped with the DC controlled audio pre-amplifier (TDA1526) and a source selector circuit (HEF4052B).This set-up is used in case potentiometer control for volume and tone is desired.

Audio Pre-Amplifier and DC Control (TDA1526).

An active stereo,tone/volume control for car radios. It includes functions for bass and treble, control, volume control with built in contour (can be switched off) and balance.All these functions can be controlled direct by DC voltages or via single linear potentiometers.

Source selector circuit (HEF4052B).

The HEF4052B is a dual 4 channel analogue multiplexer/demultiplexer with common channel select logic. In this case used for four stereo inputs: radio, cassette and external input.

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2.1.4Main Board Part 2a ( Micro-controller, EEPROM and RDS Demodulator)

Page 84 shows the circuit diagram of the RDS Demodulator, Micro controller (which combines all radio control functions as well as RDS decoding) and EEPROM.

Microcontroller (P83CE528EFB)

Main microcontroller (CCR612S), a derivative of the 8051 micro-controller family with an 8-bit CPU, 32 Kbytes ROM, 512 bytes RAM and four 8-bits I/O ports in a 44-pins QFP package.

EEPROM (PCF8594E-2P/T)

The PCF8594E is a 512 byte, 5V Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) that can be 100,000 times re-written. I2C-bus controlled.

RDS Demodulator (SAA6579T)

RDS Demodulator IC, which includes the 57 kHz band-pass-filter, to generate the RDS data out of the MPX signal.

2.1.5Main Board Part 2b (Detachable Front)

Page 85 shows the previous circuit diagram (paragraph 2.1.4) of the micro controller board extended with the possibility to use a detachable front panel.

2.1.6Main Board Part 3 (Cassette Interface including Dolby B*)

Page 86 shows the circuit diagram of the cassette interface circuit for the Philips cassette deck P6-29/3. The circuit is based on the TEA0675, Dual Dolby* B-type noise reduction circuit for playback applications.

The TEA0675 includes head and equalization amplifiers with electronically switchable time constants. Furthermore the TEA0675 includes electronically switchable inputs for tape drives with reverse heads. This device also detects pauses of music in the AMS (Automatic Music Search) scan mode.

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2.1.7Front Panels

2.1.7.1Front Panel Part FP-1a (Key and Display panel)

Page 87 shows the circuit diagram of the key and display panel.

LCD Driver (PCT8576CT)

The PCF8576 is a peripheral device which interfaces to almost any liquid crystal display (LCD) having low multiplex rates. It generates the drive signals for any static or multiplex LCD containing up to four back planes and up to 40/24 segments and can easily be cascaded for larger LCD applications. I2C-bus controlled.

2.1.7.2Front Panel Part FP-1b (Detachable Front Version).

Page 88 shows the circuit diagram of the detachable keyboard front. The circuit includes an I/O expander PCF8574, the keyboard and LCD display unit are placed on the detachable front controlled by a second I2C bus. Eight contacts are required to connect the detachable front to the radio. Furthermore there is a fixed key-board with a limited number of keys included. That means it is possible to use a combination of detachable keys and fixed keys (for circuit example see page 85).

2.1.8Diagram ICE module.

Standard Version EURO 1

Page 89 shows the complete circuit diagram of the ICE AM/FM tuner module version Euro 1. The Standard Euro 1 module is intended for European frequency ranges.

The module contains the IC's TEA6811V and TEA6822T with the following main functions;

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EURO 2, USA 1 and JAPAN 1 ICE MODULE VERSIONS.

By slight circuit modifications of the standard module (EURO 1), matched module versions with better performance for e.g. USA an Japan can be derived. The needed modifications for the different modules are:

2.1.9Diagram PACS Sub Board

Page 94 shows the diagram of the PACS Sub-Board using the TEA6850. For circuit description, performance and PCB lay out see application note Ref.5.

2.1.10PCB LAY-OUTS of CCR612 sample Version D.

CCR612/Mainboard PCB lay-out TOP side Copper (p. 90, fig. a) / Components (non SMD) (p. 90, fig. b) CCR612/Mainboard PCB lay-out BOTTOM side Copper(p. 91, fig. c) / SMD Components (p. 91, fig.d) ICE module board PCB lay-out TOP side Copper(p. 92, fig. a) /Components (non SMD) (p. 92, fig. b)

ICE module board PCB lay-out Bottom side Copper(p. 92, fig. c) / SMD Components (p. 92, fig. d) Front panel PCB lay-out Top side Copper (p. 93, fig. a) / Components (non SMD) (p. 93, fig. b) Front panel PCB lay-out Bottom side Copper (p. 93, fig. c) / SMD Components (p. 93, fig. d).

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PLL tuning principle

Manual tuning up / down

First one step, next after 0.5 seconds. Fast repetition at 12.5 times per second.

Local/Dx switching

The Local/Dx feature controls the search sensitivity. Default after switching on is always Dx. In the TEA6811 a tuner attenuator for the FM-band is incorporated.

Search tuning up / down

Sensitivity is controlled by Local/Dx. If after one complete band sweep in Local mode no station is found, the radio switches automatically to Dx. During search tuning the running frequency is displayed and the radio is muted.

Frequency Scan

Continuous automatic search tuning, pausing for 6 seconds on every station.

AST (Automatic Store Tuning) for FM and MW band

AST switches to FM-AST or MW-AST band, searches for the 6 strongest transmitters in the band and stores them in the AST programme preset memory. In FM, duplication of PI codes will be avoided.

Programme preset memory

For each band (FM1, FM2, MW, LW, SW (49m), FM-AST and MW-AST) 6 programme presets and a "manual" frequency are stored. In FM, additional RDS information is stored: PI code (Programme Identification), PS name (Programme Service), AF list (Alternative Frequencies) and AF follow mode on/off.

Whenever another band is selected, the radio reverts to the last frequency tuned to in the new band (this can be either a preset frequency or a manually tuned frequency).

Programme preset up / down control

Programme presets can be stored and recalled by two key control (up and down) or by 6 separate preset keys.

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AF follow mode

When AF follow mode is on, the set will regularly measure the signal strength of alternative frequencies and compare it with the current station. If an alternative frequency offers better quality, the radio will switch over and update the alternative frequency list. The measuring scheme is designed to cause minimum noticeable disturbance for the listener. The interval time between two measurements depends on the signal quality.

Intelligent preset programme recall

If an FM programme preset with a known PI code is recalled, the primary frequency and all alternative frequencies stored in the programme preset memory are examined. The frequency with the best signal quality broadcasting the correct PI code will be selected. Only when the programme is not found on one of the AFs, after 6 seconds a search is started for a station with a proper PI code.

TA mode

In TA mode the radio only searches for transmitters that transmit the RDS traffic programme on the same station or on EON linked stations. The radio will automatically start a search when switching TA mode on and the current station is not a traffic station.

PTY scan mode

In PTY scan mode the radio searches for transmitters that transmit the user-selected PTY code. Dependent on the factory option USA/Europe the RBDS PTY-table or the RDS PTY-table is used. Only English PTY messages are available.

Last status memory: band, frequency, PI code, AF follow mode on/off status and TA mode on/off status are stored in memory. This status is recalled during switch on.

RDS

Bit, block and group synchronisation. (inclusive RBDS E-block detection).

Data collection and decoding of:

AF follow mode using PI and AF (see also Tuning).

Display of the programme service name in 8 alpha-numeric characters (PS name).

Display of AF, TP, TA, PTY, EON and Regional mode status via icons.

Regional mode on/off switching. When Regional mode is on, the radio will, during AF switching, only switch over to stations with exactly the same PI-code. When Regional mode is off, the radio will also

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switch over to stations broadcasting regional variants of the original station. (so called "generic" or "family" PI codes). For USA application (RBDS) the regional function will only work for PI codes above B000hex. PI codes below B000hex do not have regional variants. Af switching is only allowed to stations with exactly the same PI code.

Break-in of traffic announcements is possible if the TA option is switched on. The PTY alarm messages break-in always. Break in is possible even when the radio is muted or in CD-changer / cassette / external mode.

User Control

Up to 27 Local control keys on either a fixed, a detachable keyboard or a combination. Triangular matrix using 7 lines.

Detachable front

Optionally, the keyboard and the LCD display unit can be placed on a detachable front controlled by a 2nd I2C bus. Only 5 contacts are required to connect the detachable front (6 if it hosts also the power key). No extra hardware is required to detect its presence.

EON

If the TA option is on, switch temporarily to an other station if EON information indicates a traffic announcement on another network even when the radio is muted or in CD-changer / cassette / external mode.

Maintain lists of alternative frequencies of other stations stored in preset memory with information received via EON on the currently tuned station.

Display by means of an icon whether EON data is received and whether an EON traffic announcement is broadcast.

Display

143 Segment LCD with Umlaut (??) characters, 1:4 multiplexed divided into:

8 Alphanumeric characters + decimal point are used to display:

-Band and frequency (Example: "FM 103.50")

-Indication "BALANCE", "FADER", "TREBLE", "BASS" and their value.

-RDS programme service name (PS) in 8 alphanumeric characters.

-RDS programme type (PTY)

-"MUTE", in case the user mutes the radio, cassette or external

-Cassette mode function such as "PLAY >", "CAS WIND", etc.

-CD-changer messages such as "CD 01.23" , "CHANGER " etc.

7 Segment display for the current programme preset number.

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Non Volatile Memory

512 bytes EEPROM. The following information is stored in NVM:

System status e.g.: band, audio source (radio / CD-changer / cassette / external).

For each band FM1, FM2, FM-AST, MW, MW-AST, LW, SW(49m) : 6 preset frequencies, one non- preset frequency and the last used preset number.

For each FM preset:

-PI-code

-PS Name

-AF List (9 AF's)

-AF follow mode on/off.

Audio controls: volume, bass, treble, balance, fader and loudness. Preprogramming EEPROM

At power-on the contents of the NVM is checked, when a non-initialized EEPROM is detected, the EEPROM will be preprogrammed with default values.

Appendix II lists the default values written to NVM during initialization.

Sound

Volume, bass, treble, balance and fader control with VOL-UP / VOL-DOWN keys. Analog control select key to cycle through bass, treble, balance and fader.

Mute function.

Automatic muting during tuning and AST search (silent tuning).

Break-in of traffic announcements and PTY-alarm messages (at increased volume level, which is user programmable) when the radio is muted or in cassette / external mode.

Loudness function.

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Sound settings are stored at switch-off and recalled at switch-on.

"Bleep" tone to confirm user actions such as storing a programme preset, entering AST mode, etc. Mono / stereo function.

Output pins for mute, loudness and traffic announcement, for use with conventional audio control circuitry.

Automatic mute of radio during "Phone mute" detection.

Power-ampli??er

Power-amplifiers with diagnostic facilities

*1 ?? TDA8561Q amplifier for 4 ?? 12 W ( 2?? load) or 4 ?? 7 W or 2 ?? 24 W bridged application. (both at 4?? load)

*1 ?? TDA8562Q amplifier for 4 ?? 12 W ( 2?? load) or 4 ?? 7 W (4?? load)

*2 ?? TDA8561Q amplifier for 4 ?? 24 W bridged application. (4?? load)

Diagnostic control:

*short-circuit or too high temperature detection, display an error message

*signal clipping, via an icon and stepwise decrease of bass and or volume

Optional conventional power-amplifiers (without diagnostics) can be used such as two TDA1552Q for 4 ?? 22 W, one TDA1554Q for 4 ?? 11 W (2?? load) or 4 ?? 6 W (4?? load) or one TDA1552Q 2 ?? 22 W in a BTL stereo configuration.

Options

Diode programmable

-Detachable front

-Available frequency bands

-Static on/off switch

-Frequency band limits and tuning grid for different parts of the world. This option also selects between RDS (Europe) and RBDS (USA).

User programmable

-2 / 4 Loudspeakers

-Loudness on / off

-TA volume level

Automatically detected

-Digital sound control chip or conventional audio control circuitry

-Loudness

-Presence of the CD-changer (check during power-on)

-Availability of a power amplifier with diagnostics facilities

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Power connections

Continuous power supply input. Normally connected directly to the car battery. All supply power is drawn from this supply.

Ignition key input. Normally connected to the accessory contact of the ignition switch. Used only for switching the radio on/off. This input is also used when the static on/off switch option is chosen instead of the momentary on/off key.

Switching on/off

Recall of last system status (e.g.: frequency, band, sound control settings, RDS status and last selected audio source).

Switch on by:

-Power key, can be static or momentary.

-Ignition contact (after the set was switched off by turning the ignition contact off).

Switch off by:

-Power key, can be static or momentary.

-Ignition contact.

-Removal of detachable keyboard.

When switched on while the ignition contact is (and remains) off, the set will automatically switch off after 60 minutes.

The radio will switch on again when switched off due to a power dip during engine start.

CD-changer

Radio/CD-changer/Cassette/External mode key.

Disc up/down keys for selecting the next/previous disc. Track up/down keys for selecting the next/previous track.

Fast forward/reverse keys for jumping some grooves forward/backward.

Shuffle on/off key, for playing the tracks in random order. (The user can make a selection between tracks on the current disc only or tracks on all discs.)

Repeat on/off key, for repetitive play of the current track or the current disc.

Intro-scan key. When Intro-scan mode is on, each track of the current disc or the first track of every disc (user selectable) are played for 10 seconds in successive order.

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4 CCR612S PINNING AND INTERFACING

CCR612S is accommodated in a P83CE528 microcontroller in a 44-pins Quad Flat Package. It is manufactured in CMOS technology and is a derivative of the 80C51 microcontroller family. It contains 32 kbytes of ROM and 512 bytes of RAM.

For electrical characteristics of I/O pins, see the P83CE528 data sheet.

4.1Pinning overview

When the radio is equipped with a detachable keyboard, pins KEYB5_FSDA & KEYB6_FSCL (pins 23 & 24) are used as I2C-bus lines to the detachable keyboard. Otherwise pin 23 and pin 24 are used as scan lines for the fixed keyboard.

Figure 4 Pinning of CCR612S

In case of conventional audio sound control circuitry, pin SEL0_SOLND and SEL1_PAUSE are used to select between the various audio sources (radio, CD-changer, cassette, external output) by means of a dual 4 channel analogue multiplexer (e.g. HEF4052B). If a TEA632x is installed these pins can be used for respectively solenoid control and AMS pause input control.

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4.2Factory options

4.2.1Diode options

The following options can be selected by means of option diodes:

1 0

1 1

Figure 5 Connection of Option Diodes

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CCR612S will detect the following options automatically:

Digital sound control chip.

Presence / absence of a sound control chip (TEA632x) is detected by testing its I2C bus address. NOTE: The output pins AUMUTE, LOUDN and TA are always operational, even when a digital sound control chip is installed. Cassette solenoid and AMS pause control functions are not available in case no TEA632x is installed.

Presence of the CD-changer (check during power-on)

4.3I2C bus addresses

CCR612 I2C bus peripherals will be accessed at the following addresses:

C4 h PLL synthesizer TEA6811V

C2 h IF system TEA6822T

80 h Sound control circuit TEA632x

A0 h NVM PCF8594

(The PCF8594 responds automatically to address A2 h for access to its upper half); 40 h I/O expander PCF8574

70 h Display driver PCF8576

4.4The keyboard

Two different configurations are possible:

1.A fixed keyboard, directly connected to the microcontroller.

2.A detachable keyboard, using an I/O expander to connect to the microcontroller via a dedicated I2C bus. A fixed keyboard with a limited number of keys still remains possible.

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4.4.1Fixed keyboard

The fixed keyboard is scanned every 10 milliseconds. For debouncing, the same situation must be detected 3 times before it is accepted.

Figure 6 Fixed keyboard

4.4.2Detachable keyboard

The detachable keyboard is scanned every 20 milliseconds (10 msec. for the small fixed keyboard). For debouncing, the same situation must be detected 2 times (3 times for the small fixed keyboard) before it is accepted.

The microcontroller will automatically detect that the detachable front is removed, and will switch the radio off. Placing the front on the radio does not cause the radio to switch on.

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Figure 7 Detachable keyboard

4.4.3Keyboard options

Not all keys need to be installed. The following options are possible:

Preset select options

1.P-1 through P-6 keys.

The function AMS is available in this case.

SHUFFLE DISC, REPEAT TRACK, SHUFFLE ALL and REPEAT DISC are available now.

2.PRE-UP / PRE-DOWN keys.

The function AMS is not available in this case.

SHUFFLE DISC, REPEAT TRACK, SHUFFLE ALL and REPEAT DISC are not available now.

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The following keys are optional. If omitted, the related functionality is not available, but other functions are not affected.

-DISPLAY

-PTY

-MUTE

-MODE

-SCAN

-LOCAL/DX

By means of an option diode, a selection can be made for a momentary power key (connected to port KEYB0 and ground) or a static on/off key (connected between port IGN and ground).

4.5Power stabilizer interface.

For switching the radio on and off, the microcontroller is linked with the voltage stabilizer circuit TDA3602. The pins involved in this interface are RESET, ON and HOLD.

Figure 8 shows a circuit diagram of the reset circuitry and the voltage stabilizer interface.

The TDA3602 has a number of different states, which are selected by the voltage on the state control input Vsc on pin 4. The following states are used:

To switch the radio on, the voltage stabilizer must be brought in reset state. It generates a reset pulse for the microcontroller with its reset output pin. The microcontroller program starts, and decides whether the radio must stay on or must switch off again. When it must stay on, output pin "ON" is pulled low, bringing the TDA3602 in the "ON" state. Else, the stabilizer stays in reset state, or returns to coma state eventually.

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The reset pulse for the microcontroller must be at least 20 msec. wide, measured at the threshold level (max. 3.5 V).

After the end of the reset pulse the power key is sensed and the "KEYB0" output is pulled low to keep the stabilizer into the reset mode.

When the radio should stay on, (see switching on and off, paragraph 6.1), the "ON" output is pulled low after the check of the option diodes and when the power key is released.

After approximately 400 msec., the microcontroller tests the HOLD input. If it is low, something is wrong and the set is switched off, but internally a reset will be generated and the set will try to switch on again. Else it is continuously monitored for supply voltage failure e.g. starting the cars engine.

Figure 8 Interface with TDA3602 Power stabilizer

Note,

The power key is a momentary push-button, closed only as long as it is pressed down.

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4.6LCD display.

The LCD display is a 143 segment display, with a character set that includes umlaut (??) characters.

The display consists of the following fields:

-Text field for 8 alpha-numerical characters;

-Numerical digit for display of the preset number;

-15 Icons for: REG, EON, AST, SCAN, LOC, AF, TP, ST, TA, PTY, LOUD, DOLBY, CLIP, MTL, AMS.

Figure 9 shows a possible layout of the LCD display

Figure 9 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

The 143 segment display is driven by one PCF8576 operating in 1:4 multiplex mode (4 backplanes BP0, BP1, BP2 and BP3) and a 1/4 (4 levels) LCD bias configuration.

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Appendix II defines the connection of the segments of the display. Appendix III shows the character set. Figure 10 shows a diagram of the LCD driver interface.

Figure 10 Display module for 143 segments with PCF8576

4.7Non Volatile Memory.

This device is a 512 byte static CMOS EEPROM with I2C-bus interface. It has low power consumption and guarantee a minimum of 100,000 erase/write cycles per byte and 10 years of non volatile data retention.

Figure 11 Non-Volatile Memory

Appendix I shows the layout of data in the NVM.

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(continued)

FREQ-UP

FREQ-DOWN

Automatic tuning mode:

The radio will increase/decrease the frequency until a new station is found. At the end of the band it will wrap around and continue on the other side. If after one bandsweep no stations are found and in Local mode the radio will switch to Dx mode, the search then will stop after one complete sweep in Dx mode.

In FM:

- When TA mode is on, the search will only stop at traffic stations.

Manual tuning mode:

The radio will increase/decrease the frequency as long as the FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN key is pressed. The radio will go back to automatic tuning mode when the FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN keys are not pressed within 6 seconds.

In user option programming mode, the FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN keys are used to step through the available options. Each option can be toggled by the band key.

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(continued)

FREQ-UP

FREQ-DOWN

SCAN

INTRO SCAN

DISC SCAN

P1 - P6

AMS

MTL

DOLBY

CD-changer mode, short press.

In CD-changer mode a short push on the FREQ UP and FREQ DOWN keys is used to respectively move one track up or one track down.

CD-changer mode, long press.

In CD-changer mode pushing FREQ UP or FREQ DOWN longer then two seconds is used to respectively play the CD fast-forward or fast-backward.

Frequency Scan. Continuous automatic search tuning, pausing for 6 seconds on every station found.

The search direction is always search up and the algorithm is the same as for the normal search, see keys FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN.

CD-changer mode, short press.

In CD-changer mode a short push on the SCAN key will start the intro scan mode of the CD-changer. The CD-changer will now play the first ten seconds of each track on the current CD. The intro scan mode can be cancelled by a second short push on the SCAN key, by pushing an other CD-changer control key or by leaving CD mode.

CD-changer mode, long press.

In CD-changer mode a long push on the SCAN key will start the intro disc mode of the CD-changer. The CD-changer will now play the first ten seconds of each available disc. The disc scan mode can be cancelled by a short push on the SCAN key, by pushing an other CD-changer control key or by leaving CD mode.

When pressed short, these keys select a preset programme directly. The AF follow mode on/off state will be set according to the state stored in NVM.

When pressed longer than 2 seconds (until the radio bleeps), these keys serve to store the current station in preset memory. In FM, the state of the AF follow mode on/off switch is stored together with the frequency. Also the RDS PI code, programme service name and AF list are stored.

In cassette mode, some of these keys have additional functions:

-P4 Switch the AMS function on/off. When on, the AMS icon is on.

-P5 Switch MTL mode on/off. When on, the MTL icon is on.

-P6 Switch DOLBY on/off. When on, the DOLBY icon is on.

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(continued)

DISC DOWN

DISC UP

SHUFFLE DISC

REPEAT TRACK

INTRO SCAN

SHUFFLE ALL

REPEAT DISC

DISC SCAN

CD-changer mode, short press.

In CD-changer mode, the keys P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 have additional functions:

-P2 Move to the next available disc

-P3 Move to an eventual previous disc

-P4 Switch the CD-changer to shuffle mode. The CD-changer will now play the tracks on the current disc in random order. Shuffle track mode is cancelled by shortly pressing P4 once more or by selecting an other CD-changer mode.

-P5 Switch the CD-changer to repeat mode. The CD-changer will now repeat playing the current track. Repeat mode can be cancelled by shortly pressing P5 once more or by selecting an other CD-changer mode.

-P6 In CD-changer mode a short push on the P6 key will start the intro scan mode of the CD-changer. The CD-changer will now play the first ten seconds of each track on the current CD. The intro scan mode can be cancelled by a second short push on the P6 key, by pushing an other CD-changer control key or by leaving CD mode.

CD-changer mode, long press

In CD-changer mode, a long press on the keys P4, P5, P6 provides additional functions:

-P4 Switch the CD-changer to shuffle disc mode. The CD-changer will now play the tracks on the all available disc in random order. Shuffle disc mode is cancelled by shortly pressing P4 or by selecting an other CD-changer mode.

-P5 Switch the CD-changer to repeat disc mode. The CD-changer will now repeat playing the current disc. Repeat disc can be cancelled by shortly pressing P5 or by selecting an other CD-changer mode.

-P6 In CD-changer mode a long push on the P6 key will start the intro disc mode of the CD-changer. The CD-changer will now play the first ten seconds of each track on the current CD. The intro scan mode can be cancelled by a short push on the P6 key, by pushing an other CD-changer control key or by leaving CD mode.

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PRE-DOWN

When pressed short, these keys are used to step to the next/previous preset programme. The AF follow mode on/off state will be set according to the state stored in NVM.

When pressed longer than 2 seconds (until the radio bleeps), the current station is stored in the last selected preset number. In FM, the state of the AF follow mode is stored together with the frequency. Also the RDS PI code, programme service name and AF list are stored.

When PRE-UP and PRE-DOWN are pressed together, the current programme can be stored in a preset number to be selected:

1.A blinking preset number will be displayed.

2.Press PRE-UP or PRE-DOWN to step to the desired preset number.

3.Press either PRE-UP or PRE-DOWN longer than 2 seconds (until the radio bleeps). The station is now stored. The preset number on the display becomes steady again.

In cassette mode, these keys have additional functions:

When on, the DOLBY icon is on.

CD-changer mode:

In CD-changer mode, the keys PRE UP and PRE DOWN P6 have additional functions:

DISC UP

DISC DOWN

PTY

This key is active only if the radio is in FM.

When pressed the current received PTY code is displayed. In case no PTY code is received, "NO PTY" is displayed.

The user can now select a PTY code with FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN keys. When no key was pressed for 6 seconds, the radio returns to normal mode.

The PTY scan is started by pressing the PTY key for 2 seconds (until the radio bleeps). A search is started for the selected PTY code.

When a PTY code is received the PTY icon is on.

When a PTY search is busy, the PTY icon is blinking.

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When TA mode is on, and a traffic announcement is transmitted:

-If the radio is muted, it will be de-muted for the duration of the traffic announcement.

-If the radio was in cassette or external mode, it will switch temporarily to radio mode.

-Temporary switch over to an EON linked station when EON detects a traffic announcement on that other station.

-If the volume setting was very low, it will be raised temporarily. If the user does not change the volume setting, it will return to the original value at the end of the traffic announcement.

-The TA icon (and the EON icon in case of EON TA) will blink.

The current traffic announcement can be cancelled by pressing the TA key, the TA mode will not be switched off. This can be useful to cancel for example an unwanted EON traffic announcement.

The radio will automatically start a search when switching on TA mode and the current station is not a traffic station.

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In this mode the user can select the next options: - 2-Loudspeakers / 4-Loudspeakers,

(in 2-speaker mode, the fader function is not available). (This option is skipped when no digital sound control chip is installed).

- Loudness on/off,

(alternative for the loudness key, if loudness option is available). - TA volume (A selection can be made of 5 different sound levels for

traffic news and PTY alarm messages This option is skipped when no digital sound control chip is installed).

RESET

MUTE

When pressed longer than 4 seconds (until the radio bleeps):

Performs an analogue reset function: bass, treble, balance and fader are set to mid-range, and loudness is switched off.

This key serves to switch the "muted" state on/off.

When muted:

-All audio output is suppressed

-The text "MUTE" is displayed.

-In cassette mode the cassette player will be stopped.

-In CD-changer mode the CD-changer will be stopped.

The muted state is switched off, when the mute key is pressed again, or when any other key is pressed. The muted state will be temporarily suspended when the radio is in TA mode and a traffic announcement is received, or when a PTY alarm message is received.

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6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

6.1Switching on / off

To switch the radio on, a reset pulse must be applied to the microcontroller. The software will then perform a number of checks, and may either turn on all voltages, or switch the radio off again.

With a bad battery, the voltage may drop so far that the "HOLD" output of the voltage stabilizer goes low, e.g. during starting of the cars engine, and the radio switches off. The radio will switch on immediately when the voltage returns to a normal value.

If the radio was previously switched off by turning the ignition off, it will switch on when the ignition key is turned on again.

The radio can also be switched on with the power key while ignition is off. In that case a sleep timer is started that turns the radio off after 60 minutes unless ignition is switched on in the mean time.

The table below shows the differences between the static on/off switch and the momentary power key.

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6.2Tuning

6.2.1Band switching

Band switching can be done with the AST and BAND keys (see Figure 12). In the AST bands, the AST icon is on. Band switching is only accessible in Radio Mode.

B A N D

Figure 12 Band selection

6.2.2Manual/search tuning

Figure 13 shows how to switch between the tuning modes. In preset mode, a preset number is shown on the display. In other modes, no preset number is shown. When leaving preset mode, any update of preset data (current frequency, PS name, AF list, AF follow mode bit) is stored in NVM. Switching of tuning mode may be done either by pressing FREQ-UP and FREQ-DOWN keys together, or by pressing the AUTO / MANUAL key. When pressing AUTO / MANUAL or FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN, a message "AUTO" or "MANUAL" is shown on the display to indicate the new state.

When key FREQ-UP or FREQ-DOWN is pressed, the radio will make one frequency step. When the key is pressed longer than 0.5 seconds, the frequency will start to run with a repetition rate of 12.5 steps per second.

First tuning step

-De-mute at key release

-Frequency step size:

SW LW MW FM

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Repetitive steps (after 0.5 sec)

-12.5 steps/sec

-De-mute at key release

-Frequency step size:

SW LW MW FM

PRE UP PRE DOWN

PRESET

M O D E

PRE UP PRE DOWN

1 2 3 4 5 6

AUTOMATIC

M O D E

AUTO /MAN

A UT O / MA N

6 sec timeout

MANUAL

TUNING

M O D E

Figure 13 Tuning modes

In search tuning mode, after pressing the FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN key, the frequency starts running and will stop on either a new frequency or at the frequency from which the search was started. For this search action two criteria are taken into account:

-search sensitivity Local (high signal level) or Dx (low signal level).

-Ta mode on, the search will only stop at traffic programmes.

When the radio is in Local mode and after one band sweep no station was found, the search sensitivity is switched to Dx. If still no valid station can be found, the radio returns to the frequency from which the search was started.

Depending on these criteria a maximum of two band sweeps will be made, trying to offer a frequency fulfilling the search criteria.

For FM, a Local / Dx switch is incorporated in the TEA6811. Putting the radio in Local mode results in an attenuation of the aerial signal with 15 dB. For AM, the signal levels read back from the TEA6822 are used to create the Local /Dx functionality. In AM mode, the search stop level for Local is set 22 dB higher than when the radio is in Dx-mode.

During a tuning action - manual or automatic - the display will show the running frequency at any time.

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6.2.3Frequency scan

The frequency scan mode enables the user to listen to all stations transmitted in the selected band (FM, MW, LW or SW). The radio pauses for 6 seconds on every station found before search is started again. During frequency scan, TA mode is included in the stop criteria in the same way as during normal search. EON traffic announcements are skipped during frequency scan mode.

Frequency scan is cancelled by every other tuning function. The radio will switch to the last valid station when the cancelling takes place during search. Frequency scan mode is only accessible when the radio is in Radio Mode.

6.2.4Selecting preset stations

In each band, there are 6 presets. To select a preset station:

If the radio is equipped with 6 preset selection keys (P1 - P6) - Press short on the key of the desired station.

If the radio is equipped only with PRE-UP / PRE-DOWN keys

- Press either PRE-UP or PRE-DOWN repeatedly until the desired station is selected. (Do not hold down the key, because then the preset store function will be executed).

If initially no preset number was displayed, the first preset selected will be the last preset number used in the band.

Selecting preset stations is only accessible in Radio Mode.

6.2.5Storing stations in preset memory

If the radio is equipped with 6 preset selection keys (P1 - P6)

-Press key of the preset number to be stored until the radio bleeps (2 seconds). The station is now stored.

If the radio is equipped only with PRE-UP / PRE-DOWN keys

-If the current preset number is the desired preset number:

-Press either the PRE-UP or PRE-DOWN key until the radio bleeps (2 seconds). The station is now stored.

-If the current preset number is not the desired preset number:

-Press keys PRE-UP and PRE-DOWN at the same time. The preset number will start to blink.

-Press either PRE-UP or PRE-DOWN repeatedly until the desired preset number is displayed. (The tuned frequency does not change).

-Press either the PRE-UP or PRE-DOWN key until the radio bleeps (2 seconds). The station is now stored. The preset number stops blinking.

The preset store mode is cancelled when the PRE-UP and PRE-DOWN are pressed again together, when an other key is pressed or when no key is pressed for 6 seconds.

Storing stations in preset memory is only accessible in Radio Mode.

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6.2.6AST search

To start an AST (Automatic Store Tuning) search, press the AST key until the radio bleeps (2 seconds). Now, the following actions are taken:

1. If the radio is not in an AST band, it switches to the relevant AST band

AST is not available in the LW and SW bands.

2.The 6 strongest stations will be stored in the NVM, ignoring TA mode. The whole band is scanned for transmitters, a maximum of two sweeps will be made, one in Local mode and if necessary one in Dx mode). If less than 6 stations were found, the last preset memory locations are not replaced.

3.Preset-1 is selected.

During the whole process, the radio is muted and the message "STORE" is shown on the display unless the radio is in CD-changer / External / Cassette Mode.

6.2.7The LOCAL/DX key

The user can control the search sensitivity of the radio via the so called Local/Dx feature. In Local mode, the radio will only stop at strong stations. In Dx mode, a search action will also stop at weaker stations. The Local/Dx status is displayed via an icon. After power on, the radio will always go in Dx mode.

When the radio is in search tuning mode the tuner Local/Dx status depends on the Local/Dx setting. As soon as the radio is in stable tuning condition the tuner attenuator status will be Dx.

6.3CD-Changer, Cassette and external source interface

CCR612 is equipped with five different audio sources (radio, CD-changer, cassette, external plug and bleep) each source is associated with a corresponding mode. Only one source can be selected at a time. Source selection is accomplished by the sofac or by source select pins in case no sofac is installed. Source switching can be invoked in two ways. The first way is pushing the MODE key, this will result in toggling through all available sources(Radio, CD-changer, Cassette, External plug, Radio). Furthermore an external event can invoke the source switching ( see Figure 14). The following external events are possible: insert cassette, eject cassette, insert external plug and remove external plug.

Automatic selections can be overruled by the MODE key.

When the radio is switched off, the source select state is stored in NVM. The same state is selected again when the radio is switched on.

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Figure 14 Source selection by external event.

6.3.1The MODE key

Automatic source selection can be overruled by using the MODE key. Each time the MODE key is pressed, the next source is selected in the order:

Radio -> CD-changer -> Cassette -> External.

Cassette mode can be selected only if a tape is present in the cassette deck.

External mode can be selected only if a connector is present in the external audio jack.

6.3.2CD-changer mode

The presence of a CD-changer is asserted during the power-on phase of the radio. The CD-changer can only be selected if the CD-changer was present during power-on. The CD-changer mode can only be selected with the MODE key.

While in CD-changer mode the following key mapping applies:

TABLE Key mapping in CD-changer mode

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6.3.3Cassette functions

The cassette interface is based on a mechanical tape deck. When a cassette is playing, the display will show the text "PLAY >" or "PLAY <" indicating the play direction. During fast winding, no direction information is available. The display will show "CAS WIND". When fast winding for more than 4 seconds, the set will temporarily switch to radio mode.

While in cassette mode, the keys P-4, P-5/PRE-UP and P-6/PRE-DOWN control the functions AMS (Automatic Music Search), MTL (Metal/Chromium) and Dolby respectively. The keys toggle the corresponding output pins, the function itself is executed by the cassette deck circuitry. When a function is not available in the cassette deck, the corresponding pin must be connected to ground.

The state of the AMS, ME/CR and Dolby functions is displayed by icons. If a TEA632x is installed the cassette solenoid and AMS pause function are available. The solenoid function takes care of playing in the correct direction after switching to cassette mode and together with the AMS pause function, it takes care of controlling the AMS function. Search (in both directions) for the next music piece by detecting a blank area on the tape. If no TEA632x is installed (potentiometer sound control) the AMS function and the solenoid function are not available. If the cassette drive does not have the AMS function the CAMS pin must be connected to ground.

6.3.4External audio source

An external audio input is available to connect e.g. a CD player. The external input jack has a switch to sense whether a connector is inserted. While the radio is in external mode, the text "EXTERNAL" is shown on the display. When no external audio selection is available the EXSTAT pin must be connected to Ground.

6.4Audio control

Most of the audio control facilities are available only if a digital sound and fader control chip (Sofac) is installed. If no digital sound control chip is used, the following signals should be used in combination with potentiometer control:

The volume at power on is limited to -10 dB when digital sound control is available.

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6.4.1The SELECT key

By default, the VOL-UP and VOL-DOWN keys control the volume. To select other functions, press the select key short until the desired function is shown on the display. Figure 15 shows how control functions are selected using the select key. If the 2-speaker option is selected in the user programmable options, the fader function is not available and the fader setting is always mid-range. This function is disabled if no digital sound control chip is installed.

VOLU ME S E L E C T

Figure 15 Selection of sound control functions

6.4.2Changing a setting

To change a setting, press the VOL-UP or VOL-DOWN key until the desired level is reached. As long as a key is pressed, the bass and treble function changes with 4 steps per second and the volume, balance and fader function will change with 8 steps per second. The table below shows the control range and step size for the audio control functions.

The volume setting is not shown on the display. Other functions are shown on the display(e.g. BASS +6).

6.4.3The LOUD key / RESET function

Loudness is switched on/off by pressing the LOUD key short. When loudness is on, bass and treble are added to the audio signal, depending on the volume level. The loudness function is carried out by the TEA632x. If no TEA632x is installed the loudness function is carried out by external loudness circuitry controlled by the LOUDN pin. The loudness on off status is displayed via an icon. When the loudness key is pressed for 4 seconds (until the radio bleeps), the reset function is executed. This function sets bass,

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treble, balance and fader to mid-range and will switch loudness off. The display shows the text "RESET" for 2 seconds.

6.4.4The MUTE key

When the mute key is pressed, all audio output is suppressed, and the display will show the text "MUTE". Any keypress will cancel the mute state. The audio control settings are not altered. When TA mode is on and a traffic announcement or a PTY alarm message is broadcast, the mute state is temporarily suspended.

6.4.5Phone mute

When pin Aumute is pulled to ground externally by a connected car phone, the car radio sound is muted and the display will show "PHONE".

6.4.6Power ampli??er diagnostics control

CCR612 can be equipped with power amplifiers with a diagnostics interface. This interface consists of one pin which is low at erroneous situations. CCR612S will continuously monitor this pin and can detect one of the following situations:

Clipping

-The bass and or volume level will be decreased depending on the amount of clipping.

-While clipping is detected and clipping control is active the clipping icon is on.

Too high temperature / short circuit

-CCR612 will display the error message "ERROR" on the LCD.

6.4.7User programmable options

Some options can be programmed by the user. The options are stored in NVM, and remain in effect until reprogrammed by the user. The options are:

2 SPKRS / 4 SPKRS

Indicates how many loudspeakers are connected to the radio. If "2 speakers" is selected, the fader function is not available, and fader setting is always mid-range.

LOUD ON / LOUD OFF

If no loudness key is installed, loudness can be switched on/off using this option in case the loudness function is available.

TA LVL -2 / -1 / 0 / + 1 / + 2

The volume level during a Traffic Announcement or PTY Alarm can be set to one of 5 fixed values varying from -12 dB to -4 dB in steps of 2 dB. When this function is selected during Traffic Announcement or PTY Alarm the volume level will change to the level selected.

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S ELECT

> 4 seconds

Figure 16 Programming user options

6.5RDS / RBDS functions

The RDS / RBDS functions are available only if the radio is tuned to an FM band.

6.5.1AF follow mode

The AF follow mode mechanism is switched on/off by pressing the AF key short. When AF follow mode is on, the AF icon is switched on. If no RDS data is received, the AF icon blinks.

In AF follow mode, the radio measures at regular intervals, (interval time depends on the signal quality), the signal level at frequencies that are mentioned in the list of alternative frequencies (AF's) for the current station. For these measurements, the reception of the current station is interrupted for a very short period (appr. 7 milliseconds), and it is hardly noticeable. If an alternative frequency is stronger than the current station for a few seconds (depending on the signal quality), the radio switches to that alternative frequency. It switches also if the quality of the current station becomes suddenly very poor, or if its RDS data cannot be received. The quality of a station is a function of signal level as well as multipath condition.

The AF follow mechanism is always active when AF follow mode is on, even when the radio is muted or is in CD-changer or cassette or external mode.

When the user starts a tuning action (band, preset, FREQ-UP / FREQ-DOWN), or when the radio is switched off, the new frequency and the AF list are stored in NVM. These will be used later on when selecting the preset again.

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6.5.2PTY functions

CCR612 offers the user the possibility to search for a station with a certain user selected PTY code. When key PTY is pressed, the currently received PTY code is displayed. If no PTY code is received the display will show "NO PTY" . By pressing the key FREQ-UP or FREQ-DOWN, the user can select the PTY code of his choice. When key PTY is pressed for 2 seconds (while the radio is in the PTY selecting mode), the radio will start a PTY search for the selected PTY code. Figure 17 shows how to select a programme type. Only one programme type can be selected.

RBDS

N EW S

INF ORM

SPO RTS

TAL K

R OC K

CLS ROCK

ADL T HIT

SOF T RCK T OP 4 0

COUNTRY

OL DIES

SO FT

NOSTAL GA

J AZZ

CLASSICL R & B

SOF T R&B

L ANGUAGE

REL MUSIC

REL TAL K

PERSNL TY

PUBL IC

TE ST

ALERT!

Figure 17 Selecting the PTY code

PTY codes "ALARM" / "TEST" / "ALERT!" can not be selected. The radio will respond to a PTY alarm message in the same way as a TA traffic announcement, independent of TA mode. For the USA application the RBDS PTY table is used.

During a PTY search the PTY icon blinks. When the radio receives a PTY code, the PTY icon is on. When TA mode is on during a PTY search, the radio will first try to find a station which is a traffic station with the correct PTY code. When no such station can be found (even not in Dx mode), the radio will drop

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the TA requirement and search only for a station with the correct PTY code. If still no station can be found, the radio will return to its original tuned frequency.

6.5.3Traffic announcements

Traffic announcements have a special meaning only when TA mode is on.

To switch TA mode on/off, press the TA key. When TA mode is on, the TA icon is on. If the current station is not a traffic station, the TP icon blinks, and a warning bleep is generated every 30 seconds.

If TA mode is on, the next happens when a traffic announcement is broadcast:

1.If the traffic announcement is detected via EON, the radio will switch to the linked programme service transmitting the traffic announcement. The radio will stay at least 4 seconds on this programme before switching back to the original programme to give the broadcaster time to synchronise the RDS TP and TA data over its network.

AF follow mode is disabled during an EON traffic announcement.

2.If the radio is in CD-changer, cassette mode or in external mode, it switches temporarily to radio mode, and the display will show the programme service name of the received station.

3.If the radio is muted, it is temporarily de-muted, and the "MUTE" message is removed from the display.

4.If the volume was low, it is raised to the TA volume level as installed under the user options (see: user programmable options). Also, the TA output pin is made low.

5.The TA icon blinks. In case of a traffic announcement on an EON linked station, the EON icon will also blink.

At the end of the traffic announcement, the old situation is restored again (after an EON traffic announcement the radio will switch back to the original station). If the user has not changed the volume setting, it is restored to the value before the traffic announcement. If the volume level was changed, the new value will be retained.

The current traffic announcement can be cancelled by pressing the TA key, the TA mode remains on.

6.5.4PTY alarm broadcasts

A PTY alarm message is treated the same way as a traffic announcement. A PTY alarm message will break-in, even when TA mode is off.

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7 RDS / RBDS FACILITIES.

As soon as the radio is steadily tuned to an FM station, it will start collecting RDS information. The next items are extracted from the stream of RDS data:

Most data is validated, e.g. the same data must be received twice before it is accepted as a new value.

7.1Programme Identi??cation code

The PI code is invisible for the user. It is used to check whether the correct station is received after a preset is selected, or when the AF follow mechanism switches to an alternative frequency.

When a station is stored in NVM, also its PI code is stored. When the same preset is selected again, the radio verifies the PI code. If the PI code is not correct, and AF follow mode is on, the radio will search for a station with the right PI code, first by scanning all available alternative frequencies, then if after a timeout of 6 seconds the PI code is still not correct, a search tuning operation is started.

During AST Search, the PI code is used to avoid that the same programme is stored at different presets, when it can be received on more than one frequency. For USA application (RBDS) the regional function will only work for PI codes above B000hex. PI codes below B000hex do not have regional variants. AF switching is only allowed to stations with exactly the same PI code.

7.2Programme Service name

By default, the radio will display the received Programme Service name as soon as it is available. The PS name is stored in the preset memory locations. The name is then immediately displayed when a preset station is selected.

Tuning frequency instead of PS name is displayed when the radio is in manual tuning mode. Also, by means of the display key, the radio can be forced to display PTY code, frequency and PS name respectively.

7.3Programme TYpe

PTY is a code for the kind of programme that is broadcast. Figure 17 shows the names of PTY codes that are defined for RDS. CCR612 can display the PTY currently received, and it can search for a station with a specific PTY code. The user can select a PTY code and start a scan for a station transmitting this PTY code.

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7.4Traffic Announcements

RDS data contains two bits called TP (Traffic Programme) and TA (Traffic Announcement), see the table below for the meaning of these bits.

The radio will start a search for a traffic station when the TA mode is switched on when the current station is not a traffic station.

If TA mode is on, and the current station is not a traffic station, the TP icon will blink, and a warning bleep is generated every 30 seconds.

If a traffic announcement is received while TA mode is on, and the radio is in CD-changer, cassette mode, external mode or muted, this mode is temporarily overruled and the traffic announcement is passed on. If the volume setting was very low, it is temporarily raised to get the user's attention.

If a traffic announcement is received via EON (RDS group 14B is received indicating the PI code of the other station transmitting the traffic announcement), the radio will check its internal pool store and will try to switch over to the other station transmitting the traffic announcement. The radio will stay on this other station for at least 4 seconds to give the broadcaster time to synchronise the RDS TP and TA data over its network.

By pressing the TA key the current traffic announcement will be cancelled but the radio remains in TA mode.

If during a traffic announcement the signal quality becomes too weak resulting in the fact that RDS reception is lost, CCR612 will cancel the traffic announcement after a timeout of 2 minutes.

7.5Alternative Frequency following

The radio will always assemble a list of alternative frequencies from the received RDS data, even when AF follow mode is off. When the current frequency is left (by tuning, band switching or by turning the radio off), the alternative frequency list is stored in NVM if it is different from the previous stored list.

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1.When selecting a preset, the radio will load the AF list from NVM, and measure the signal strength of the primary frequency and all alternative frequencies. It will then select the strongest station with the correct PI code, before the radio is de-muted.

(PI codes are compared with the value stored in the preset data in NVM.)

If no station with the correct PI code is found, after 6 seconds the radio will start a search tuning for a station with the correct PI code. If still not found, it will accept the new station, but it will not update the PI code stored in NVM.

Search tuning can be cancelled by switching AF follow mode off or by pressing the AUTO / MANUAL key. The radio will then return to the original frequency.

2.At regular intervals - depending on the signal strength of the current station - the signal strength of alternative frequencies is measured. The interval varies from appr. 80 seconds when the signal level of the current station is very strong to appr. 3 seconds when it is very weak.

3.When for a certain time an AF is stronger than the current frequency, or when the current frequency becomes suddenly unacceptable e.g. due to multipath, the radio switches to the best alternative frequency.

When the programme service is left (by tuning, band switching or by turning the radio off), the new frequency is stored in NVM as the primary frequency for that preset.

The AF follow algorithm has provisions for special circumstances such as:

-Mountains and buildings. All signal strengths vary rapidly due to multipath distortion. Switch when the multipath distortion level becomes unacceptable.

-Loss of RDS data or station changes PI code. Select an alternative frequency with correct PI code.

The "quality" of a station is a value that is based on signal level as well as multipath level read from the TEA6822 by means of the I2C-bus.

7.6EON preset update

When the tuned station transmits EON information, the alternative frequencies stored for the station presets are updated via EON. Only those alternative frequency lists of station presets can be updated whose PI codes match one of the PI codes transmitted via EON. Whether or not regional variants of the PI code are taken into account depends on the status of the regional selection. If the regional selection is switched on, the transmitted PI code must exactly match the PI code to update.

If after travelling any distance while tuned to a programme service, a user selects a preset for another station which is cross-referenced by EON-information, CCR612 has to find an acceptable frequency for the new selected station in the new area, without resorting to a PI search. This should occur regardless of the distance travelled, assuming of course that the station is transmitted in the new area.